Smith, Capt. John, “Accidence,” 195; account of life aboard an Elizabethan ship, 199; on pirates, 222 Sofala, 136 Solebay, battle of, 242 Sounding lead, Vikings use, 89 South Pole, 204 Southampton Water, 263 Spain and iron supplies, Tudor times, 180; jealousy of, in Elizabethan days, 209 Spaniards and gunnery, Armada, 219 Spanish warships, sailors cook for themselves on board, 153; signalling in the, 183 Spars, steel, 289 Speed recording without log, 158 Spithead, mutiny at, 267 Spritmast, 283 Squaresails, 260 Starboard, 108 Statham’s “Privateers and Privateering,” 261 Steel, Robert, and Son, Greenock, 288 Steering wheels, 256, 272–3 Sterns, decorated, 280, 282 Stokes Bay, 239 Storm, great, of 1703, 272 Strabo on the Sidonian navigation, 22 Stuart seamanship, 235 Stuart warships, 244; rig and sails, 244; decks and armament, 245–6; workmanship and decoration, 245–8 Sturmanni (steersmen), 141, 146 Suez Canal, 288 Surgeons, 282 Svein, King, 93, 101, 108 Swearing, 265 Swin Channel, 214, 258 Syria, 152 Tacking, the art of, 10 Tactics, naval, 17th century, 238; in Anglo-Dutch war, 239; line-ahead, 239; schools of, 240; 18th century, 268; French, 268; Clerk’s “Naval Tactics,” 269; Lord Howe’s changes, 270; Jervis’s tactics, 271 Tampion’s portable barometer, 259 Tartaglia, Nicholas, “Arte of Shooting,” 216 Tea clippers, 288, 289 Tetricus the Elder, 78 Texel, mutiny off the, 267 Thames estuary, 77, 214, 258 Thames, Roman boat found in the, 78–81 Thames waterman as seaman, 12 Thanet, 77 Themistocles and a navy, 38 Thole-pins, 35 Thorburg Shavehewer, 96, 97 Thorleif the Sage, 109 Thorowgood, Capt. Thomas, 236 Tides, the, Pytheas and, 28; in the English channel, 74, 76 Tigris, shipbuilding on the, 17 Tillers, steering, in use, 1703, 272 Timber of ancient Greek vessels, 35 Time as recorded by Elizabethans, 215 Tin, Phœnicians and, 21, 26 Tonnage, reckoning by, 197 Torr, Mr. Cecil, quoted, 45, 49, 54 Torres, Capt. Antonio de, 197 Torrington, Lord, 243 Tower of London, 184 Trade routes, ancient, and the Phœnicians, 26 “Trade” wind, 207 Trafalgar, battle of, 279; Nelson’s signal, 271 “Trani, Loi de,” 151 Travel, desire for, 121 Traverse board, 256 Trestle-trees, 207 Triremes, Greek, 38; arrangement of, 39; number of oars, 40; rigging, 42 Tristan, 134 Tromp, Marten, 238, 239 Trumpeter on Elizabethan ships, 199 Tudor colours, the, 181 Tudor period, sailors in the, 17