[29] Taylia = “tally aft the sheet”--“haul aft,” etc. [30] Stow. [31] “No nearer”--“don’t come any nearer to the wind.” [32] “Thou failest”--“you’re slacking.” [33] “Wartake” may mean “war-tackle,” but what exactly that signifies no one to-day has been able to suggest. [34] i.e. lay the cloth. [35] “Pery” means “squall.” [36] “Thow canst no whery” = “you mustn’t complain”--“you know nothing about these matters.” [37] Malmsey. [38] Boiled nor roast. [39] “My head will be cleft in three”--“my head is splitting.” [40] “Gere” means “tools.” Lightly constructed cabins were knocked together on these Viking-like ships by the ship’s carpenter to accommodate passengers. [41] Lie. [42] Evidently some of the passengers had to sleep in the hold, whence the stench of the bilge-water and the accumulation of filth made their life very trying. [43] “Dawn of Navigation,” in “Proceedings of the United States Naval Institute,” Vol. XXXII. Annapolis, 1906. [44] Far from having been expressly built for exploration, the _Santa Maria_ had been constructed for the well-known trading voyages to Flanders. The _Pinta_ and _Nina_ had been built for the Mediterranean trade. [45] Sir Clements Markham states that the bonnet was usually cut one-third the size of the mizzen, or one-quarter of the mainsail, being secured to the leach by eyelet holes. [46] The italics are mine. [47] i.e. “lie at hull”--the Elizabethan word for “heave to.” [48] i.e. lie to a drift-sail or sea-anchor. [49] i.e. an azimuth compass. [50] This is thought to have been some instrument showing how the line of the course cuts the several meridians, those meridians being drawn upon their proper inclination. [51] The derivation of the word _Flame_-borough or Flamborough at once suggests a burning beacon. [52] “Greenwich Royal Hospital,” by Edward Fraser. Transcriber’s Notes Punctuation, hyphenation, and spelling were made consistent when a predominant preference was found in the original book; otherwise they were not changed. Simple typographical errors were corrected; unbalanced quotation marks were remedied when the change was obvious, and otherwise left unbalanced. Illustrations in this eBook have been positioned between paragraphs and outside quotations. In versions of this eBook that support hyperlinks, the page references in the List of Illustrations lead to the corresponding illustrations. In some of the original illustrations, details, particularly words, were unreadable, and the image quality of a few originals was significantly worse than the others. The HTML version of this eBook can display larger versions of some of the “Plan” diagrams found at the end of the book, but, when this eBook was prepared, the .mobi and .epub versions did not support those larger sizes. The index was not checked for proper alphabetization or correct page references. Text uses both “lodestone” and “loadstone”, “a side” and “aside”.