[Illustration: III. LONGITUDINAL PLAN OF AN EARLY NINETEENTH-CENTURY 74-GUN SHIP.] [Illustration: IV. A 330-TON MERCHANT SHIP OF THE EARLY NINETEENTH CENTURY. Upper illustration shows method of framing. Lower illustration gives plan of upper deck, indicating positions of windlass, masts, hatches, capstan, pump, etc. (See Chapter X.)] [Illustration: V. SHROUDS OF MAINMAST, EARLY NINETEENTH-CENTURY SHIP.] [Illustration: VI. DESIGN OF THE STERN OF AN EARLY NINETEENTH-CENTURY 330-TON MERCHANT SHIP.] [Illustration: VII. MIDSHIP SECTION OF 330-TON MERCHANT SHIP OF THE EARLY NINETEENTH CENTURY.] [Illustration: VIII. LONGITUDINAL PLAN OF AN EARLY NINETEENTH-CENTURY 330-TON MERCHANTMAN. Length between perpendiculars, 108 ft. 3¼ in. Extreme breadth, 27 ft. 6 in. Depth, 12 ft. Length on keel, 82 ft.] [Illustration: IX. PLANS OF AN EARLY NINETEENTH-CENTURY 74-GUN SHIP.] [Illustration: X. IRON CLIPPER SAILING SHIP “LORD OF THE ISLES.” Length between perpendiculars, 185 ft. Extreme breadth, 29 ft. 1000 tons displacement.] [Illustration: XI. THE WOODEN CLIPPER SHIP “SCHOMBERG.” Length between perpendiculars, 262 ft. 6 in. Extreme breadth, 45 ft. 2600 tons burthen.] FOOTNOTES [1] “Phœnicia,” by George Rawlinson. London, 1889. [2] I have availed myself of Mr. H. G. Dakyns’ excellent translation of “The Works of Xenophon,” Vol. III, Part I. London, 1897. [3] Given in “Select Epigrams from the Greek Anthology,” by J. W. Mackail. London, 1911. [4] _Ibid._ [5] _Ibid._ [6] “A Dictionary of Classical Antiquities.” London, 1902. [7] See Fig. 24 of “Sailing Ships and their Story.” [8] Given on page 212 of Mackail, _ut supra_. [9] Taken from Plate LII in “Peintures Antiques de Vases Grecs de la Collection de Sir John Coghill, Bart.,” par James Millingen. Rome, 1817. [10] “Journal of Hellenic Studies,” Vol. XII, p. 203. [11] “Journal of Hellenic Studies,” Vol. XI, p. 193. [12] “Rhodes in Ancient Times,” by Cecil Torr. Cambridge, 1885. [13] “Six Dialogues of Lucian,” translated into English by S. T. Irwin. London, 1894. [14] “The Remains of Ancient Rome,” by J. H. Middleton. London, 1892. [15] “Cæsar’s Conquest of Gaul,” by T. Rice Holmes. Oxford, 1911. [16] “Sailing Ships and their Story.” [17] See article in “The Yachting Monthly,” Vol. XII, p. 81, “The Shipwrights of Rome.” [18] “Northern Mists: Arctic Exploration in Early Times,” by Fridtjof Nansen, 2 vols. London, 1911. [19] That is to say they were still existing about A.D. 1180. [20] That is to say 148 feet: grass-lying means straight. [21] See “The Saga Library,” edited by William Morris and Eirikr Magnusson. London, 1905. I am indebted to this edition for the extracts which I here make from the Sagas, and also for some valuable matter given in the notes to that edition. [22] “The Story of the British Navy.” London, 1911. [23] Grieves. [24] Haste. [25] Arrange. [26] “You’re standing too close beside your mate so that he cannot haul.” [27] Shout. [28] Go aloft.