Shoshone-Bannock Subsistence and SocietyMurphy, Robert F. (Robert Francis)
History
Shoshone-Bannock Subsistence and Society
Murphy, Robert F. (Robert Francis)
Bannock Indians; Shoshoni Indians
The great Snake nation may be divided into three divisions,
namely, the Shirry-dikas, or dog-eaters; the War-are-ree-kas,
or fish-eaters; and the Ban-at-tees, or robbers; but as a
nation they all go by the general appellation of Sho-sho-nes,
or Snakes. The word Sho-sho-nes means, in the Snake language,
"inland." The Snakes, on the west side of the Rocky Mountains,
are what the Sioux are on the east side--the most numerous and
powerful in the country. The Shirry-dikas are the real
Sho-sho-nes, and live in the plains, hunting the buffalo. They
are generally slender, but tall, well-made, rich in horses,
good warriors, well dressed, clean in their camps, and in their
personal appearance bold and independent.
The War-are-ree-kas are very numerous, but neither united nor
formidable. They live chiefly by fishing, and are to be found
all along the rivers, lakes, and water-pools throughout the
country. They are more corpulent, slovenly, and indolent than
the Shirry-dikas. Badly armed and badly clothed, they seldom go
to war. Dirty in their camp, in their dress, and in their
persons, they differed so far in their general habits from the
Shirry-dikas that they appeared as if they had been people
belonging to another country. These are the defenceless
wretches whom the Blackfeet and Piegans from beyond the
mountains generally make war upon. These foreign mercenaries
carry off the scalps and women of the defenseless
War-are-ree-kas and the horses of the Shirry-dikas, but are
never formidable nor bold enough to attack the latter in fair
and open combat.
The Ban-at-tees, or mountain Snakes, live a predatory and
wandering life in the recesses of the mountains, and are to be
found in small bands or single wigwams among the caverns and
rocks. They are looked upon by the real Sho-sho-nes themselves
as outlaws, their hand against every man, and every man's hand
against them. They live chiefly by plunder. Friends and foes
are alike to them. They generally frequent the northern
frontiers, and other mountainous parts of the country. In
summer they go almost naked, but during winter they clothe
themselves with the skins of rabbits, wolves, and other
animals.
Ross's "Ban-at-tees" undoubtedly include the people now termed the
Northern Paiute of Oregon; this seems confirmed by his placement of
the western limits of the "Snakes" at the western end of the Blue
Mountain Range in Oregon. The loose inclusion of the Oregon Northern
Paiute as Snakes results in some obscurity in the early sources. They
are frequently (and on valid linguistic grounds) lumped with the
Bannock, as was done by Ross. It is noteworthy that contemporary Fort
Hall informants still speak of the Oregon Paiute as Bannocks.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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