Shoshone-Bannock Subsistence and Society — John Shaqi
Shoshone-Bannock Subsistence and SocietyMurphy, Robert F. (Robert Francis)
History
Shoshone-Bannock Subsistence and Society
Murphy, Robert F. (Robert Francis)
Bannock Indians; Shoshoni Indians
Agent Luther Mann of Fort Bridger added (1865, p. 327):
They spend about eight months of the year among the Wind River
mountains and in the valley of the Wind River, Big Horn and
Yellowstone....
The Shoshonees are friendly with the Bannacks, their neighbor
on the north ... but are hostile toward the tribes on their
eastern boundaries, viz: Sioux, Arapahoes, Cheyennes, and
Crows.
Mann observed that the Eastern Shoshone numbered some 150 lodges.
However, he also noted that Washakie claimed to be too weak to fight
his enemies. In his next year's report, Mann wrote that on September
20, 1865, the Shoshone set out from Fort Bridger for the Wind River
and Popo Agie valleys where they hunted buffalo, deer, elk, and
mountain sheep and passed the winter. Only five to ten lodges remained
on Green River for the winter (ibid., p. 126).
The Shoshone had some difficulty with hostile tribes during their
hunts in the Wind River Valley. The battle of Crowheart Butte (near
Crowheart, Wyoming) has become a legend on the Wind River Reservation,
and the facts of the event have become well embellished. More reliable
informants claim that the Crow were encamped at the present site of
Kinnear, Wyoming, on the north side of Big Wind River and were driven
out after a strong attack by the Shoshone. The Crow detachment was
evidently not merely a war party, for the men were accompanied by
their women and children. Hebard, using documentary material
unavailable to the writers, places the date of this battle as March,
1866 (Hebard, 1930, p. 151). There is no further mention in the
sources of Crow occupation of the Wind River Valley.
This was not the end of the Shoshones' troubles, however, for in the
following year (1867), Indian Agent Mann noted (1868, p. 182):
Immediately after the distribution of their annuity goods last
year, they left this agency for their hunting grounds in the
Popeaugie [Popo Agie River, near Lander, Wyo.] and Wind River
valleys, the only portion of the country claimed by them where
they can obtain buffalo.
Early last spring the near approach of hostile Sioux and
Cheyennes compelled them to leave before they could prepare
their usual supply of dried meat for summer use.
Mann further reported that, after being paid the annuity on June 8,
1867, "they have since gone to the valley of the Great Salt Lake, as
is usual with them, preparatory to their return to their hunting
grounds in autumn" (p. 183). These accounts further document the
manner in which the Utah and Wyoming populations merged.
The Sioux were apparently especially active east of the Wind River
Range in these years and many other attacks were reported. The
Shoshone went to Wind River in 1868 and were again attacked by the
Sioux. Agent Mann reported that year that a few small bands of
Shoshone had not hunted buffalo in two years for fear of attack (Mann,
1869, pp. 616-618).
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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