Finally, we wish to acknowledge our indebtedness to the Board of Editors of the University of California Publications in Anthropological Records for their valuable comments and to our many friends on the reservations visited for their friendship and cooperation. We have also profited greatly from discussions with Drs. Sven Liljeblad, Ake Hultkranz, and Julian Steward. This work owes much of whatever merit it may be found to have, and none of its shortcomings, to all these people. Robert F. Murphy Yolanda Murphy CONTENTS I. The Northern and Eastern Shoshone II. The Eastern Shoshone Eastern Shoshone history: 1800-1875 Early reservation period Eastern Shoshone territory Social and political organization III. The Shoshone and Bannock of Idaho Linguistics General distribution of population The Boise and Weiser Rivers The middle Snake River The Shoshone of the Sawtooth Mountains The Shoshone of Bannock Creek and northern Utah Fort Hall Bannock and Shoshone Lemhi Shoshone IV. Ecology and Social System Bibliography Map Shoshone-Bannock Subsistence Areas facing [Illustration: SHOSHONE-BANNOCK SUBSISTENCE AREAS] SHOSHONE-BANNOCK SUBSISTENCE AND SOCIETY BY ROBERT F. and YOLANDA MURPHY I. THE NORTHERN AND EASTERN SHOSHONE The Rocky Mountain range was not an insuperable obstacle to communication between the Indian tribes east and west of the Continental Divide. The Arapaho, Cheyenne, Crow, Blackfoot, and other peoples of the Plains often crossed the range for purposes of hunting, warfare, and trade. And the tribes of the Basin-Plateau region also traversed the spine of the continent with much the same ends in mind. But their needs were more urgent, for in the late historic period the western part of the Great Plains of North America constituted the last reserve of the bison, the game staple of the Indian population of the western slope of the Rockies. Thus was established the pattern of transmontane buffalo hunting, first reported by Lewis and Clark and studied latterly by many anthropologists. The present volume represents a further contribution to this research.