DOUGLAS FIR (_Pseudotsuga taxifolia_).—Although similar in name, this species has no direct relationship to the true fir. Its leaves are flat, ¾ to 1½ inches long, with short stems that join them to the branches. Cones are pendent, with three-pronged bracts protruding from the cone scales; they are persistent and fall off the tree whole. Buds are sharp-pointed, shiny, smooth, red brown. CEDARS.—Rocky Mountain Red Cedar (_Juniperus scopulorum_).—The berries are about the size of peas, the bark is scaly, the twigs are slender and graceful, and the heartwood is red. The species is distinguished from the one-seed juniper in that its berry usually has two seeds and is bluish or black. The berries mature in 2 years. BROADLEAF TREES.—Aspen (_Populus tremuloides_).—Aspens are commonly called “quaking aspens” or “quakers.” The flat, nearly heart-shaped leaves are about 2 inches across; they tremble characteristically in a breeze. The bark is whitish or very pale green, smooth with black scars where branches have dropped off. The trees rarely grow more than 50 feet high. Narrowleaf Cottonwood (_Populus augustifolia_).—This is usually a tall tree, 40 to 60 feet high. The bark is dark gray, heavily ridged half or two-thirds of the way up the tree; above that, smooth and pale green. The leaves are ½ inch to 1 inch wide by 2 or 3 inches long, very similar to willow leaves. The species is usually found along streams at lower elevations. Alder (_Alnus tenuifolia_).—The alder grows along and overhanging the streams, usually in clumps, several trees from the same root, frequently 4 to 6 inches in diameter and 15 to 25 feet high. Its leaves are large and sharply double toothed. The mature, seed-bearing fruit is conelike and noticeable in winter. Rocky Mountain Maple (_Acer glabrum_).—Usually a shrub, but frequently 20 to 30 feet high, this species has paired opposite buds, sharply lobed leaves, light-gray bark, and paired, winged seed. Its leaves are 1 to 2 inches long, opposite each other. Willows (_Salix sp._).—The common shrub of creek bottoms. Leaves are usually narrow and sharp-pointed. Some willows attain a diameter of 4 inches and a height of 15 to 25 feet. The buds are covered by a single scale. Pacific Serviceberry (_Amelanchier florida_).—Leaves silvery, sharply toothed toward the end, and alternate on branches. Trees, or more often shrubs, 6 to 15 feet high. Flowers white and in clusters. Five hard seeds in each berry. Western Chokecherry (_Prunus demissa_).—This is a shrub, 3 to 15 feet high. Flowers and fruit clustered. Alternate leaves are sharply pointed. Bark, leaves, and seed are bitter. Fruit is black. RULES FOR FIRE PREVENTION 1. Be sure your match is out. Break it in two before you throw it away. 2. Be sure that pipe ashes and cigar or cigarette stubs are dead before throwing them away. Never throw them into brush, leaves, or needles. Don’t smoke while traveling through the woods.