of the most complex living organisms result from the multiplication, differentiation, and specialization of such protoplasmic cell-units. The life of the organism, as a whole, consists in the continuous waste and repair of the protoplasmic material of its cells. No animal, however, can elaborate protoplasm directly from the chemical elements of that substance. The manufacture of protoplasm is a function of the vegetable kingdom. Plants make it directly from mineral compounds and from the atmosphere under the influence of the sun’s light and heat, thus becoming the store-house of food-stuff for the animal kingdom.--(See Cent. Dic. 6, p. 4799.) Hence this substance, known in Vegetable Physiology as protoplasm, but often referred to by zoölogists as sarcode, has been appropriately designated by Professor Huxley “the physical Basis of Life.”--(W. B. Carpenter, _Micros_, _sec. 219_.) For the whole living world, then, it results that the morphological unit--the primary and fundamental form of life--is merely an individual mass of protoplasm, in which no further structure is discernible.--(Huxley, _Anat. Invert._, _p. 18_.) See Spencer, _Principles Biology I_, _p. 63-67_. _Encyc. Brit. 19_, _p. 828-830_; _New Int. Encyc. 16_, _p. 471-472_. Haeckel, _Ev. Man_, pp. 36-50; “_Ovum and Amœba_.” Sec. 7. Human Body is a Compound Physical Structure Built of Cells The human body and every organ, part and cell in it, has length, breadth, thickness and weight, like a brick or stone. So, every such body and every organ and part of it is built of material substances as completely as are the foundation, walls, roof and other parts of a brick house. The body, as a whole, and every organ and part of it, has every property and attribute of a physical structure; and all the materials of which the body is built up, except the germ-cell (or fertilized ovum), were dead matter before they were assimilated and incorporated into it. So, all the materials, of which such a body is built up, are selected, assembled, grouped together and put into position in the body in the same manner that bricks, or blocks of stone are gathered up and put into position in a building, but by different forces and other means. But there is a marked difference between the process of building a house, engine, or other inanimate structure, on the one hand, and the body of the human embryo on the other. The wood, clay, iron and other materials used in the construction of the former are found ready to hand; and they are cut, sawed, burned, molded, or hammered, by man, into the proper size, form and condition for use in the construction of the building or machine; and are carried, by him, to the place, at which the building or machine is to be constructed. He then places these materials in such positions as to build up and complete the building or machine.