There is hardly room to do justice to a good north American “Pipe of Peace” on these small pages but those who are really interested in the Pipe customs & functions of the Indian tribes will derive much pleasure & information too from consulting “CATLINs” works on those subjects. The best pipes have flat stems much ornamented & the Bowls of elaborate design are very quaint & original the simpler ones are red the more curious in a dark slate & a kind of green stone. The British museum has naturally a very fine collection of all the varieties of both materials—. [Illustration: NORTH AMERICA. Flat stems for Pipes.] N·AMERICA The Indian graves have supplied specimens of very great antiquity from all parts of N. America and a fine collection of _MOUND PIPES_ was presented some years ago to the City of Salisbury. Those on the opposite page will give a general idea of the character of these real antiquities in which the bird is a prominent object probably some sacred Bird—in vogue amongst the tribe at the time they were made but we must not surmise “FACTA” “non Verba” is true ARCHÆOLOGY. [Illustration: N. AMERICA. STONE MOUNDS of OHIO. CANADA From Indian Grave. BRITISH MUSEUM.] N. AMERICA. Stone pipes still predominate & the upper one from South Carolina has a new form with a cut-water or fore-foot suggestive that it should be held by that part when being smoked. The “NOOTKA SOUND” example is another variety & to our modern eye w^{d.} appear to have been designed by a carpenter still the bowl itself carries a decidedly modern impress The modern N. American pipes are most carved in Slate and some are quite processional in design and length. [Illustration: N. AMERICA. SOUTH CAROLINA. NOOTKA SOUND. MEXICO. PERU. BRITISH MUSEUM.] ARCTIC PIPES & LAPLAND. In this part of the world there is not much material for the making of Pipes for the only wood is generally brought up by the kindly Gulf Stream from the West Indies even to NOVA ZEMBLA still the sparse Inhabitants fall back on the tooth of the “_Walrus_” & very comely looking pipes are the result. The Laplanders pipe is generally made of thin iron which may be accounted for by the proximity of the once very famous “_SWEDISH_” Iron. [Illustration: ARCTIC PIPES & LAPLAND. CAPE BATHURST. SIBERIA WALRUS TOOTH. LAP. PIPE·IRON. SWEDISH IRON “CAPE BATHURST” is from Lord Lonsdale’s Collection] IGNITION. BORNEO. After the Tobacco, & the Pipes, very naturally occurs the Question as to getting a Light. The friction of Two dry pieces of Wood is the most primitive method still in vogue where modern methods are still unknown and the light “HIBISCUS” wood is the easiest of all to obtain fire from but in _BORNEO_. The Dyaks of the _KYAN tribe_ are most scientific they produced it by compressed air & do still & we only know of two other places _SUMATRA_ & the North of _BURMAH_ where this method is known & in use. [Illustration: FIRE TUBES. BORNEO. DYAK KYAN TRIBE SUMATRA.]