[Illustration: SOAP Stone Pipes. S. AFRICA. Wood Wood. SOAP STONE. Wood BRITISH MUSEUM.] TURKEY Turkish tobacco is such a familiar form & so comprehensive in its light varieties that Turkish pipes must at once be called “_CHIBOUQUES_” & “_HOOKAHS_”. The red clay bowl of the former is generally 2 in. in diameter. The stem of Cherry or of Iasmine 5 ft long. When the Bowl is primed it is covered with thin paper & prepared for lighting. The Smoker at a range of 5 ft gives the signal & the light is applied—The mouth piece of clouded amber is very rounded & therefore only put to the lips.. The Red clay Hand Hubble of Benares is very simple. [Illustration: TURKEY. CHIBOUQUE BENARES.. HAND HUBBLE.] PERSIAN. A. D. 1669 “HOOKAH.” STELLA of ROME, here is again useful to shew us the “Hookah” of Persia in his day. his book was published 1669 and as travelling from TEHERAN to the HOLY CITY was less rapid than nowadays, we may fairly accept this illustration as representing a well-established object. The action of the “Hookah” or “Hubble bubble” is to draw the smoke through the water—& so cool & purify the fumes of the Tobacco Being made of Glass. This is called a “_SHISHEH_” & in it is smoked the. Persian “_TOMBAK_” exclusively grown at _CHIRAZ_ is the best & consumed by the Members of the Imperial family. [Illustration: PERSIAN. Hookah p. 213. D·B STELLA ROMA 1669 A·D SHISHEH. or Glass. for TOMBAK Tobacco “CHIRAZ.”] INDIA. The Persian Fashion doubtless soon took India by storm & the maharajahs found in Hookahs a new object of luxury & one capable of unbounded decoration, in fact a new field for native talent to embellish & enrich. The upper bowl which contains the tobacco is called “_The Chillum_” whatever the material whether richly embossed or the simple red clay which tries one’s lips at _BENARES_. These State Hookahs are of considerable height running to Thirty inches & Three feet—with coils of tubing—which terminates in a silver mouth-piece. [Illustration: THE GREAT HOOKAH of INDIA SILVER] CASHMERE. Naturally one would expect to find something of special beauty in the fine collection of The Indian Museum where the art of the various Provinces is so well represented in all kinds of metal work beautiful form & rich Colour. _SRINUGGER CASHMERE_ yields a very lovely specimen of a Hookah. Copper gilt with very rich deep blue and green enamel produces a very noble result of harmonious colour. The “CHILLUM” is a choice work of art & crowns a very fine work of CASHMERE ART Height 30 inches. [Illustration: HOOKAH Proper from SRINUGGER CASHMERE] INDIA. Of all the dreadful materials ever introduced in any land to the mouth of a smoker. The Red clay of India is certainly the worst & the roughest. Both these examples are Hand Hubble bubbles or HOOKAHS used by the Natives in India and the Red dotted lines shew where the Chillum to carry the tobacco is fitted on.