Social life in England, 1750-1850Foakes-Jackson, F. J. (Frederick John)
History
Social life in England, 1750-1850
Foakes-Jackson, F. J. (Frederick John)
England -- Social life and customs -- 18th century; England -- Social life and customs -- 19th century
“A jovial youth, who thinks his Sunday task
As much as God or man can fairly ask;
The rest he gives to loves and labours light,
To fields the morning, and to feasts the night.
* * * * *
A sportsman keen, he shouts through half the day,
And, skilled at whist, devotes the night to play.”
But I must reluctantly forbear to quote more from “The Village,” and
ask you to turn your attention to two passages in “The Borough,” which
show what sort of men lived in Crabbe’s native town, and also indicate
the power our author has in depicting two very different characters.
I will take Peter Grimes, the fisherman, first. Grimes was one of
those human monsters who delight in cruelty; and the late eighteenth
and early nineteenth century, to its shame, furnished victims for its
exercise in workhouse apprentices. The guardians of the overflowing
workhouses of London were accustomed to get rid of their superfluous
numbers by binding children as apprentices to masters, who practically
became the owners of the little victims they were paid to teach.
“Peter had heard there were in London then--
Still have their being!--workhouse-clearing men,
Who, undisturbed by feelings just or kind,
Would parish-boys to needy tradesmen bind;
They in their want a trifling sum would take,
And toiling slaves of piteous orphans make.”[8]
Grimes did several of these wretched boys to death by his cruelty,
which was notorious in the borough, but the shocking thing was that
nobody troubled to interfere.
“None put the question: ‘Peter, dost thou give
The boy his food? What, man! the lad must live;
Consider, Peter, let the child have bread,
He’ll serve thee better if he’s stroked and fed.’
None reasoned thus; and some, on hearing cries,
Said calmly, ‘Grimes is at his exercise.’”
At last Grimes, who seems to have been never quite sane in his
brutality, went mad, and died raving at visions of his aged father and
the boys he had done to death.
More inviting is a picture of another fisherman, the mayor of the
borough:
“He was a fisher from his earliest day,
And placed his nets within the borough bay,
Where, by his skates, his herrings, and his soles,
He lived, nor dreamed of corporation doles.”
At last he saved £240 ($1200), and asked a friend what to do with it.
The friend suggests “put it out on interest.”
“‘Oh, but,’ said Daniel, ‘that’s a dangerous plan,
He may be robbed like any other man.’”
The friend tells Daniel that he will be paid five per cent. every year.
“‘What good is that?’ quoth Daniel, ‘for ’tis plain
If part I take, there can but part remain.’”
With great difficulty the principle of a mortgage is explained, and at
last,
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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