Transcriber’s Note Italic text displayed as: _italic_ Bold text displayed as: =bold= SOCIAL ORGANIZATION BOOKS BY CHARLES HORTON COOLEY PUBLISHED BY CHARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS =Social Organization; a Study of the Larger Mind= _net_, $1.50 =Human Nature and the Social Order= _net_, $1.50 SOCIAL ORGANIZATION A STUDY OF THE LARGER MIND BY CHARLES HORTON COOLEY PROFESSOR OF SOCIOLOGY IN THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AUTHOR OF “HUMAN NATURE AND THE SOCIAL ORDER” NEW YORK CHARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS 1911 COPYRIGHT, 1909, BY CHARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS Published April, 1909 [Illustration: Decoration] THIS BOOK IS DEDICATED To E. J. C. WHOSE INFLUENCE IS A CHIEF SOURCE OF ANY LITERARY MERIT IT MAY HAVE PREFACE Our life is all one human whole, and if we are to have any real knowledge of it we must see it as such. If we cut it up it dies in the process: and so I conceive that the various branches of research that deal with this whole are properly distinguished by change in the point of sight rather than by any division in the thing that is seen. Accordingly, in a former book (Human Nature and Social Order), I tried to see society as it exists in the social nature of man and to display that in its main outlines. In this one the eye is focussed on the enlargement and diversification of intercourse which I have called Social Organization, the individual, though visible, remaining slightly in the background. It will be seen from my title and all my treatment that I apprehend the subject on the mental rather than the material side. I by no means, however, overlook or wish to depreciate the latter, to which I am willing to ascribe all the importance that any one can require for it. Our task as students of society is a large one, and each of us, I suppose, may undertake any part of it to which he feels at all competent. ANN ARBOR, MICH., _February, 1909_. CONTENTS PART I—PRIMARY ASPECTS OF ORGANIZATION CHAPTER I SOCIAL AND INDIVIDUAL ASPECTS OF MIND PAGE Mind an Organic Whole—Conscious and Unconscious Relations—Does Self-Consciousness Come First? _Cogito, Ergo Sum_—The Larger Introspection—Self-Consciousness in Children—Public Consciousness 3 CHAPTER II SOCIAL AND INDIVIDUAL ASPECTS OF MIND—(CONTINUED) Moral Aspect of the Organic View—It Implies that Reform Should Be Based on Sympathy—Uses of Praise and Blame—Responsibility Broadened but Not Lost—Moral Value of a Larger View—Organic Morality Calls for Knowledge—Nature of Social Organization 13 CHAPTER III PRIMARY GROUPS