We are acquainted with no race that is just entered on Totemism, unless we agree with Mr. Hill Tout that Totemism is nascent among the Salish tribe, who live in village communities. Consequently we cannot _prove_ that early hostile groups would name each other after plants and animals. I am only able to demonstrate that, alike in English and French folk-lore, and among American tribes who reckon by the male line, who are agricultural and settled, the villages or groups are named, _from without_, after plants and animals, and after what they are supposed to be specially apt to use as articles of food, and also by nick-names--often derisive. What I present is, not proof that the primal groups named each other after plants and animals, but proof that among our rustics, by congruity of fancy, such names are given, with other names exactly analogous to those now used among settled savages moving away from Totemism. ILLUSTRATION FROM FOLK-LORE I select illustrative examples from the _blason populaire_ of modern folk-lore. Here we find the use of plant and animal names for neighbouring groups, villages, or parishes. Thus two informants in a rural district of Cornwall, living at a village which I shall call Loughton, found that, when they walked through the neighbouring village, Hillborough, the little boys ‘called cuckoo at the sight of us.’ They learned that the cuckoo was the badge, in folk-lore, of their village. An ancient carved and gilded dove in the Loughton church ‘was firmly believed by many of the inhabitants to be a representation of the Loughton Cuckoo,’ and all Loughton folk were Cuckoos. ‘It seems as if the inhabitants do not care to talk about these things, for some reason or other.’ A travelled Loughtonian ‘believes the animal names and symbols to be very ancient, and that each village has its symbol.’ My informants think that ‘some modern badges have been substituted for more ancient ones,’ such as tiger and monkey. There is apparently no veneration of the local beast, bird, or insect, which seems often, on the other hand, to have been imposed from without as a token of derision. Australians make a great totem of the Witchetty Grub (as Spencer and Gillen report), but the village of Oakditch is not proud of its potato grub, the natives themselves being styled ‘tater grubs.’ I append a list of villages (with false names[46]) and of their badges: Hillborough Mice Brailing Peesweeps Loughton Cuckoos Wickley Tigers Miltown Mules Fenton Rooks (it used to be rats) Linton Men Ashley Monkeys Oakditch Potato grubs Yarby Geese St. Aldate’s Fools Watworth Bulldogs