TOTEMS WITHIN THE PHRATRIES American support of the author’s hypothesis--Deliberate arrangement--Totems all the way--Distribution of totems in the ‘phratries’--The ideas of Mr. Frazer. His earlier theory--Objections to Mr. Frazer’s early theory--Mr. Spencer’s theories of the bisection--Advantages of the system here proposed--The Arunta--Arunta metaphysics--Arunta totem eating and traditions--Dr. Durkheim on the Arunta--The relations of totems and ‘phratries’ among the Arunta--Arunta myths--Mr. Spencer on Arunta legends CHAPTER IV ARUNTA PHRATRIES AND TOTEMS Views of Dr. Durkheim--How did the Aranta anomaly arise? CHAPTER V OTHER BARS TO MARRIAGES ‘Group marriage’--Mr. Morgan and the class system--Difficulties of Mr. Morgan’s theory--Mr. Morgan on terms of relationship--How the terms of relationship originally arose--Supposed survivals of group marriage--Piraungaru and piraura--Growth of social rules in the tribe--Group marriage and Mr. Tylor’s statistics CHAPTER VI THE CHANGE OF CLASS AMONG THE NEW GENERATION The system of Herr Cunow--Classes again CHAPTER VII THEORIES OF LORD AVEBURY Lord Avebury on totemism--Lord Avebury on the origin of totemism --Communal marriage--Lord Avebury on relationships CHAPTER VIII THE ORIGIN OF TOTEM NAMES AND BELIEFS Sacred animals in savage society--Proposed restriction of the use of the word ‘totem’--The word ‘totem’--The totem ‘cult’--‘Totem gods’--Savage speculations as to the origin of totemism--Modern theories--Mr. Max Müller’s theory--The theory of Mr. Herbert Spencer--Mr. Frazer’s theories--Suggestion of Mr. N. W. Thomas--Dr. Wilken’s theory--Miss Alice Fletcher’s theory--Mr. Hill Tout’s theory--Messrs. Hose and McDougall--Mr. Haddon’s theory--An objection to all the theories enumerated--Statement of the problem--The author’s own conjecture--The connection between groups and totems--No ‘disease of language’--Hypothetical early groups before totemism--How the groups got names--Illustration from folk-lore--How the names became known--Totemic and other group names. English and North American Indian--Theory that Siouan gentes names are of European origin CHAPTER IX THE MELANESIAN SYSTEMS How the origin of totem names was forgotten--Other sources of sacredness in plants and animals--Recapitulation--An objection answered--Other objections answered--Totems and magical societies--Totem survivals--Did the ancestors of the civilised races pass through the Australian stage? PRIMAL LAW CHAPTER I MAN IN THE BRUTAL STAGE