BRITISH Association, steady success of, 326; idea of, not of British origin, 326; smallness of early meetings of, at Leipsic and Berlin, 326; associated with names of Prince Consort and Lord Salisbury, 327; appeal of Brewster, Herschel and Humphry Davy to Government on behalf of, 327; objects of, described at meeting at York, 328; meetings of, at Oxford 1831, Cambridge 1832, Edinburgh 1833, 329; over 500,000 members of, at the present time, 329. BRITISH and Foreign Bible Society, _see_ Missionary Societies. BROUGHAM, Lord, his work in relation to popularizing science, 325. BUCKINGHAM, Duke of, descended from Sir Thomas Gresham, Lord Mayor, 14. BUILDINGS, Municipal, great improvement in architecture of, 43; and in that of warehouses and shops in towns, 43; and in private houses of suburban London, 43. C CABINET system, discovered by Sunderland, son-in-law of Marlborough, 262; definite triumph of, in 1828, 263. CARPENTER, Doctor, exploration of the nervous system by, 395. CHADWICK, Edwin, his work as a sanitary reformer, 389. CHARTISM, formerly an active force, now a name, 252; most of the demands of, now matured into law, 252; Duke of Wellington's defence of London against, 294. CHESS, progress of study of, 417; Prince Leopold as a player of, 417; comparison of, with whist and billiards, 417; stimulus given to game of, by 'Phillidor,' 417; and by Staunton, Paul Morphy and Blackburne, 418; invention of gambits at, 418; the Scotch gambit, 418; Evans's gambit, 418; the Vienna or Queen's Knights gambit, 418; publication of problems on, by _Illustrated London News_, 419; imitated by other papers, 419. CHURCH of England, status of, in 1897, 401; national regard for, 401; parochial system of, 401; benefactions to, during present era, 402; reduced incomes of livings belonging to, 402; notwithstanding work of Ecclesiastical Commission, 402; and of Queen Anne's bounty, 402; readjustment of incomes of livings needed, 402; dioceses of, abroad, 403; clergy of, abroad, 403; christianity of, a reconciler of rival creeds, 403; tributes to world-wide efficacy of doctrines of, 404. CLUBS, beneficial effect of, for adults, in west end of London, 117; established in east end by university settlements, 117; as co-operative homes for poor gentlemen, 410; increase of social, 410; decrease of gambling clubs, 410; working men's, combined with gymnasia, 119; popularity of, with wives of working men, 120; mostly federated with Working Men's Club and Institute Union, 123; democratic sentiments of east end, 129. COLE, Sir Henry, his work at South Kensington, 322. COLONIAL emigration, in 1837 and 1897, compared, 432.