ANÆSTHETICS, discovery of, 395; Simpson's use of, at Edinburgh, 395; Morton and Robinson's work in connection with, at New York, 395. APPETITE for higher teaching, universality of, 161. ARISTOCRACY of birth and wealth, Sir R. Peel's attitude towards, 13. ARKWRIGHT, inventor of spinning jenny, founder of two county families, 37. ARMY, traditional jealousy of, by House of Commons, 297; a bequest from the Puritans, 297; strength of, reduced by two-thirds immediately after Waterloo, 297; _personnel_ of, during Napoleonic Wars, 298; social position of private soldier in, 299; treatment of soldiers in, by Duke of Wellington, 299; by Lords Wolseley and Roberts, 299; flogging in, not abolished until 1860, 301; as a profession, now self-supporting, 305; except in guards and cavalry, 305; retrenchment of pay in, impolitic, 306; education of officers in, in 1837, 307; in 1897, 307; promotions from ranks of, 310; average annual number of, 310; remarks on, 310. ART, improvement in, since Exhibition of 1851, 349; promoted by rise of wealthy and cultivated classes, 350; in the days of Sir Martin Archer Shee, 351; of Sir Charles Eastlake, 352; of Leighton and Millais, 360. ARTISTS, old social prejudice against, 351; same as against doctors, singers and players, 351; alleged reason for, 352; foreign education of, in painters' studios, 353; English training at Royal Academy, Slade or other schools, 353. ATHENÆUM Club, doors of, opened to Macready and the Keans, 211. AUSTIN, Charles, his two fortunes made out of railway bills, 35. AVELAND, Lord, descended from a Lord Mayor of London, 15. B BACON, Francis, Lord, fillip given to scientific study by, 324. BARNES, editor of the _Times_, 'The most powerful man in the country,' 380. BATH, Marquis of, descended from a Lord Mayor of London, 14. BEACONSFIELD, Earl of, _see_ Disraeli. BEDCHAMBER Plot, account of, 263. BELL, Andrew, founder of Bell's scholarships at Cambridge, 133; first promoter of a scheme for national education, 133. BOARD Schools, growth of, 147; for elementary instruction, 147; playgrounds and gymnasia at, 147; for higher grade teaching, 147; laboratories and workrooms at, 147; improvements in private schools produced by, 148. BOLEYN, Anne, Queen of Henry VIII., descended from Sir Godfrey Boleyn, a Lord Mayor of London, 14. BRASSEY, Thomas, railway contractor, sketch of, 35; millionaire, before he built his last railway, 35. BRAYBROOKE, Lord, descended from Sir Thomas Gresham, Lord Mayor of London, 14.