Produced by Suzanne Lybarger, Afra Ullah, Martin Pettit and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net THE MACMILLAN COMPANY NEW YORK . BOSTON . CHICAGO DALLAS . SAN FRANCISCO MACMILLAN & CO., LIMITED LONDON . BOMBAY . CALCUTTA MELBOURNE THE MACMILLAN CO. OF CANADA, LTD. TORONTO SOCIALISM A SUMMARY AND INTERPRETATION OF SOCIALIST PRINCIPLES BY JOHN SPARGO AUTHOR OF "THE BITTER CRY OF THE CHILDREN," "THE COMMON SENSE OF THE MILE QUESTION," "CAPITALIST AND LABORER," "THE SOCIALISTS, WHO THEY ARE AND WHAT THEY STAND FOR," "THE SPIRITUAL SIGNIFICANCE OF MODERN SOCIALISM," ETC., ETC. _NEW AND REVISED EDITION_ New York THE MACMILLAN COMPANY 1913 _All rights reserved_ COPYRIGHT 1906, 1909, BY THE MACMILLAN COMPANY. Set up and electrotyped. Published June, 1906. Reprinted November, 1906; December 1908. New and revised edition, February, 1909; January, 1910; May 1912; March, 1913. Norwood Press J. S. Cushing Co.--Berwick & Smith Co. Norwood, Mass., U.S.A. To ROBERT HUNTER WITH ADMIRATION AND AFFECTION PREFACE TO SECOND EDITION A new edition of this little volume having been rendered necessary, I have availed myself of the opportunity thus afforded me by the publishers to revise it. Some slight revision was necessary to correct one or two errors which crept unavoidably into the earlier edition. By an oversight, an important typographical blunder went uncorrected into the former edition, making the date of the first use of the word "Socialism" 1835 instead of 1833. That error, I regret to say, has been subsequently copied into many important publications. Even more important were some errors in the biographical sketch of Marx, in Chapter III. These were not due to any carelessness upon the part of the present writer, but were reproduced from standard works, upon what seemed to be good authority--that of his youngest daughter and his intimate friend, the late Wilhelm Liebknecht. It is now known with certainty that the father of Karl Marx embraced Christianity of his own free choice, and not in obedience to an official edict.