Socialism and Democracy in EuropeOrth, Samuel Peter
History
Socialism and Democracy in Europe
Orth, Samuel Peter
Democracy; Socialism
Extension of laws protecting labor to all industries, and especially
to agriculture, shipping, and fishing. Fixing of a minimum wage and
maximum of hours of labor for workers, industrial or agricultural,
employed by the State, the Communes, the Provinces, or the contractors
for public works.
Intervention of workers, and especially of workers' unions, in the
framing of rules. Suppression of fines. Suppression of savings-banks
and benefit clubs in workshops. Fixing of a maximum of 6,000 francs
for public servants and managers.
4. _Transformation of public charity into a general insurance of all
citizens--_
(_a_) against unemployment;
(_b_) against disablement (sickness, accident, old age);
(_c_) against death (widows and orphans).
5. _Reorganization of public finances._
(_a_) Abolition of indirect taxes, especially taxes on food and
customs tariffs.
(_b_) Monopoly of alcohol and tobacco.
(_c_) Progressive income-tax. Taxes on legacies and gifts between the
living (excepting gifts to works of public utility).
(_d_) Suppression of intestate succession, except in the direct line
and within limits to be determined by law.
6. _Progressive extension of public property._
The State to take over the National Bank. Social organization of
loans, at interest to cover costs only, to individuals and to
associations of workers.
i. _Industrial property._
Abolition, on grounds of public utility, of private ownership
in mines, quarries, the subsoil generally, and of the great
means of production and transport.
ii. _Agricultural property._
(_a_) Nationalization of forests.
(_b_) Reconstruction or development of common lands.
(_c_) Progressive taking over of the land by the State or the
communes.
7. _Autonomy of public services._
(_a_) Administration of the public services by special autonomous
commissions, under the control of the State.
(_b_) Creation of committees elected by the workmen and employees of
the public services to debate with the central administration the
conditions of the remuneration and organization of labor.
B.--_Particular Measures for Industrial Workers_
1. _Abolition of all laws restricting the right of combination._
2. _Regulation of industrial labor._
(_a_) Prohibition of employment of children under fourteen.
(_b_) Half-time system between the ages of fourteen and eighteen.
(_c_) Prohibition of employment of women in all industries where it is
incompatible with morals or health.
(_d_) Reduction of working-day to a maximum of eight hours for adults
of both sexes, and minimum wage.
(_e_) Prohibition of night-work for all categories of workers and in
all industries, where this mode of working is not absolutely
necessary.
(_f_) One day's rest per week, so far as possible on Sunday.
(_g_) Responsibility of employers in case of accidents, and
appointment of doctors to attend persons wounded.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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