Socialism and Democracy in EuropeOrth, Samuel Peter
History
Socialism and Democracy in Europe
Orth, Samuel Peter
Democracy; Socialism
(_h_) Workmen's memorandum-books and certificates to be abolished, and
their use prohibited.
3. _Inspection of work._
(_a_) Employment of paid medical authorities, in the interests of
labor hygiene.
(_b_) Appointment of inspectors by the Councils of Industry and Labor.
4. _Reorganization of the Industrial Tribunals_ (Conseils de
Prud'hommes) _and the Councils of Industry and Labor_.
(_a_) Working women to have votes and be eligible.
(_b_) Submission to the Courts to be compulsory.
5. _Regulation of work in prisons and convents._
C.--_Particular Measures for Agricultural Workers_
1. _Reorganization of the Agricultural Courts._
(_a_) Nomination of delegates in equal numbers by the landowners,
farmers, and laborers.
(_b_) Intervention of the Chambers in individual or collective
disputes between landowners, farmers, and agricultural workers.
(_c_) Fixing of a minimum wage by the public authorities on the
proposition of the Agricultural Courts.
2. _Regulation of contracts to pay farm-rents._
(_a_) Fixing of the rate of farm-rents by Committees of Arbitration or
by the reformed Agricultural Courts.
(_b_) Compensation to the outgoing farmer for enhanced value of
property.
(_c_) Participation of landowners, to a wider extent than that fixed
by the Civil Code, in losses incurred by farmers.
(_d_) Suppression of the landowner's privilege.
3. _Insurance by the provinces, and reinsurance by the State, against
epizootic diseases, diseases of plants, hail, floods, and other
agricultural risks._
4. _Organization by the public authorities of a free agricultural
education._
Creation or development of experimental fields, model farms,
agricultural laboratories.
5. _Purchase by the communes of agricultural implements to be at the
disposal of their inhabitants._
Assignment of common lands to groups of laborers engaging not to
employ wage labor.
6. _Organization of a free medical service in the country._
7. _Reform of the Game Laws._
(_a_) Suppression of gun licenses.
(_b_) Suppression of game preserves.
(_c_) Right of cultivators to destroy all the year round animals which
injure crops.
8. _Intervention of public authorities in the creation of agricultural
co-operative societies--_
(_a_) For buying seed and manure.
(_b_) For making butter.
(_c_) For the purchase and use in common of agricultural machines.
(_d_) For the sale of produce.
(_e_) For the working of land by groups.
9. _Organization of agricultural credit._
III.--COMMUNAL PROGRAM
1. _Educational reforms._
(_a_) Free scientific instruction for children up to fourteen. Special
courses for older children and adults.
(_b_) Organization of education in trades and industries, in
co-operation with workmen's organizations.
(_c_) Maintenance of children; except where the public authorities
intervene to do so.
(_d_) Institution of school refreshment-rooms. Periodical distribution
of boots and clothing.
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