[2] Saint-Simon's principal writings are: _Lettres d'un Habitant de Genève_, 1803; _L'Organisateur_, 1819; _Du Système Industriel_, 1821; _Catéchisme des Industriels_, 1823; _Nouveau Christianisme_, 1825. See A.J. BARTH, _Saint-Simon and Saint-Simonism_, London, 1871; REYBAUD, _Études sur les Réformateurs Modernes_, Paris, 1864; JANET, _Saint-Simon et le Saint-Simonisme_, Paris, 1878. _New Christianity_ was translated into English by Rev. J.E. Smith, London, 1834. [3] The best popular exposition of Fourierism is GATTI DE GAMMONT'S _Fourier et Son Système_. His most eminent commentator is Victor Considerant, whose _Destinée Sociale_ is the most complete analysis of Fourier's System. [4] It is interesting to note that the word "Socialism" first became current in the meetings of Owen's "Association of All Classes of All Nations," organized by him in 1835. [5] _Le Vrai Christianisme_, Chap. XVIII, edition of 1846. [6] An apt selection from the works of Fourier has been made by Prof. Charles Gide, prefaced by an illuminating Introduction on the life and work of Fourier. An English translation by Julia Franklin appeared in London, 1901. [7] _Le Nouveau Monde_, Vol. I, p. 26. [8] _Thème de l'Unité Universelle_, Vol. II, p. 128. [9] _New Christianity_, p. 2, English edition, 1834. [10] _Political Justice_, Vol. II, pp. 531, 537. [11] _Third Essay on a New View of Society_, pp. 65, 82. [12] See ÉMILE THOMAS, _History of the National Workshops_. [13] _What Is Property?_ Collected Works, Vol. I, p. 286. [14] In 1845 Marx made this note on the work of Feuerbach: "The point of view of the old materialism is bourgeois society; the point of view of the new materialism is human society or the unclassed humanity (vergesellschaftete Menschheit). "Philosophers have only differently _interpreted_ the world, but the point is to _alter_ the world." See FREDERICK ENGELS, _Ludwig Feuerbach und der Ausgang der Klassischen Deutschen Philosophie_, Stuttgart, 1903. [15] _Essence of Christianity_, Preface, p. xiii. [16] For a concise statement of the development of Marxian Socialism out of the German philosophy of that period, see FREDERICK ENGELS, _Die Entwickelung des Sozialismus von der Utopie zur Wissenschaft_, Berlin, 1891. It is the third chapter out of his _Dühring, Umwälzung_. [17] For a criticism of the teachings of Marx, see SOMBART, _Socialism and the Social Movement_, Chap. IV. CHAPTER III THE POLITICAL AWAKENING OF SOCIALISM--THE PERIOD OF REVOLUTION