Produced by Geetu Melwani, Suzanne Lybarger, Martin Pettit and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This book was produced from scanned images of public domain material from the Google Print project.) SOCIALISM AND MODERN SCIENCE (DARWIN, SPENCER, MARX) BY ENRICO FERRI TRANSLATED BY ROBERT RIVES LA MONTE THIRD EDITION CHICAGO CHARLES H. KERR & COMPANY 1917 Copyright, 1900 by The International Library Publishing Co. Table of Contents. PAGE. Preface 5 Introduction 9 I. THE THREE ALLEGED CONTRADICTIONS BETWEEN DARWINISM AND SOCIALISM Virchow And Haeckel at the Congress of Munich 13 _a_) The equality of individuals 19 _b_) The struggle for life and its victims 35 _c_) The survival of the fittest 49 SOCIALISM AS A CONSEQUENCE OF DARWINISM. Socialism and religious beliefs 59 The individual and the species 67 The struggle for life and the class-struggle 74 II. EVOLUTION AND SOCIALISM. The orthodox thesis and the socialist thesis confronted by the theory of evolution 92 The law of apparent retrogression and collective ownership 100 The social evolution and individual liberty 110 Evolution.--Revolution.--Rebellion.--Violence 129 III. SOCIOLOGY AND SOCIALISM. Sterility of sociology 156 Marx completes Darwin And Spencer. Conservatives and socialists 159 Appendix I.--Reply to Spencer 173 Appendix II.--Socialist superstition and individualist myopia 177 Author's Preface. (_For the French Edition._) This volume--which it has been desired to make known to the great public in the French language--in entering upon a question so complex and so vast as socialism, has but a single and definite aim. My intention has been to point out, and in nearly all cases by rapid and concise observations, the general relations existing between contemporary socialism and the whole trend of modern scientific thought.