Some Common Birds Useful to the Farmer (1915 edition)Beal, F. E. L. (Foster Ellenborough Lascelles)
Science
Some Common Birds Useful to the Farmer (1915 edition)
Beal, F. E. L. (Foster Ellenborough Lascelles)
Birds -- United States
In the consideration of the vertebrate food of the blue jay we are
confronted with the problem of the destruction of wild birds and
their eggs. Special search was made for every possible trace of such
material in the stomachs, and in 6 of the 530 were found the remains
of wild birds or their eggs. In February two jays had killed a small
bird apiece; in May one had robbed a nest of eggs; in June two had
taken a small bird and a clutch of eggs, respectively; and in August
another had robbed a nest. As this trait of the jay appears to be
most pronounced during its own breeding season, it is quite possible
for many birds which have suffered from his boldness early in the
season to raise another brood unmolested. Thirty-nine of the 530 jays
examined had fed on hen’s eggs Much of this food, however, was picked
up about rubbish heaps to which the jay, like other members of the
crow family, is partial. While the result of stomach analysis would
appear to belittle this fault of the blue jay, it is doubtless quite
characteristic of the bird under favorable conditions.
Complaint that the jay is the source of considerable damage to
corn in the fall has been verified to a certain degree by stomach
examination. This grain is taken in every month of the year, but in
greater quantities during winter and early spring, when much of it is
necessarily waste, and it forms about 18 per cent of the yearly food.
Cultivated fruits of various kinds are eaten from June to the end
of the year, and the To per cent taken in July apparently justifies
complaints against the bird on this score. The favorite vegetable food
of the blue jay is mast of various kinds, acorns predominating, but
beechnuts, chestnuts, chinquapins, and hazelnuts also are relished.
This food is important in every month but July and August, the
yearly average being over 43 per cent, and from October to March it
constitutes about two-thirds of the diet. Occasionally harm is done
by feeding also on cultivated nuts, as pecans. Wild fruits are eaten
during the summer and fall and constitute about 7 per cent of the
yearly sustenance.
The blue jay probably renders its best services to man in destroying
grasshoppers late in the season and in feeding on hibernating insects
and their eggs, as they do in the case of the tent caterpillar and
brown-tail moth. Such forest insects as buprestid beetles and weevils
of various kinds also fall as their prey.
The blue jay’s vegetable food, with the exception of some cultivated
fruit and corn in the fall, is largely neutral. The severest criticism
against the species is the destruction of other birds and their
eggs. Where we wish to attract the latter in large numbers about our
dooryards, in our parks, and in game preserves, it will be well not to
allow the jays to become too abundant.
PACIFIC COAST JAYS.
In California and adjacent States two species of jays are much in
evidence under several more or less well-marked forms.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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