difference between anti-Talmudists and anti-Semites, and that by far the vast majority of Jewish converts, even in the ages of predominant bigotry among Christians and Jews, have defended their brethren against false accusations, as will be seen later on. To return from this digression to Julian. He wrote, "Historia rebelleonis Pauli," also a book under the title, "De comprobatione ætatis sextæ contra Judæos." The work deals with Messianic prophecies of the Bible, in which he adopts the chronology of the Septuagint, and addresses the Jews with these words, "Viam perdidisti viam ergo se quere, ut per viam venias ad salutem." But even in that age, the eve of the so-called Middle Ages, the age of the gaons, when there was a Prince of the Captivity in Babylon who exercised supreme religious authority over the Jews in the East, and so far as Spain and France, we hear occasionally a voice from the midst of the Synagogue bearing an unwitting testimony for Christ. Cottan Mather, in his "Faith of the Fathers," quotes the words of Rabbi Samuel Marachus (Abbas Samuel Abbu Nasr Ibn) when speaking of the Messiah, as follows: "The Prophet Amos mentions a fourth crime (ii. 6) of selling the Just One for silver, for which we have been in our captivity. It manifestly appears to me that for selling that Just One we are justly punished. It is now 1000 years and more, and in all this we have made no good hand of it among the Gentiles, nor is there any likelihood of our ever any more turning to good. Oh, my God! I am afraid, lest the Jesus, whom the Christians worship, be the Just One we sold for silver." (See "Lectures on the Jews," p. 430, Glasgow, 1839.) CHAPTER IV. JEWISH CONVERTS IN THE EASTERN CHURCH.