Animal life, duration of, 17, 18 experimental modification of life cycle and growth of, 11 natural death in, 13, 14 rejuvenation and senescence in, 9–11 Aortic stenosis, 149 Aphasia, transient attacks of, 151 Appetite, 56, 118 Arcus senilis, 98 Arnold, M., 123 Aron, 75 Arteries, degenerative changes in, 97, 105–107 “pipe-stem,” 106 Arteriosclerosis, 97, 105–107, 149 age incidence of, 105, 140 causes of, 105, 142 hereditary transmission of, 37 influence of smoking on, 59 prostatic hypertrophy and, 112 spasm associated with, 151 thyroid prevention of, 73 Arthritic affections, 154 Arthritis, chronic infective, 155 Atheroma. _See_ Arteriosclerosis Athyroidism, 73 Atkinson, Edward, nonagenarian, 51 Atrophy-- brown, 103, 105 cardiac, 104, 140, 149 degenerative, 46 general, 62, 91, 139 causes of, 137, 138 genital, 114 lymphoid, 108 muscular, 103 of auditory nerve, 118 of skin and secretory glands, 141 of thymus, 109 precocious, 138 renal, 111 splenic, 109 testicular, 113 Atropine, 127, 128 Aub and Dubois, 116 Auditory nerve, atrophy of, 118 Auto-suggestion, 48 Bacon, Francis, 17, 95 Bacon, Roger, 17 Baddeley, J. J., 51 Baldness, 95 causes of, 96 thyroid extract in, 96 Barclay-Smith, E., 82 Baronsdale, W., 5 Bell, B., 75 Bell, J. R., 115 Benjamin, H., 77 Berman, L., 71 Biedl, A., 71 Biochemistry of old age, 64–68 Biological aspect of old age, 10, 11, 23, 63 Biotripsy, 93 Birth, expectation of life at, 13, 41, 42 Birth control, 24 Bladder, 133, 153 Blane, G., 142 Blood, condition of, 108, 115 increase of urea-nitrogen in, 115 Blood pressure, 125 and heredity, 37 high, 55, 124 longevity in relation to, 37 senile, 104, 124, 125 Blood supply, diminished, 106 Blood transfusion, 66 Bodily vigour, sex gland activity as manifestation of, 69 Body, cells of. _See_ Cells conformation of, 60 fibrous framework of, 92 structural changes in, 90 temperature of, 116 water content at birth and adult life, 64 Boerhaave, 91 Bone marrow, atrophy of, 108 Bones, injuries to, healing of, 126, 127 Paget’s disease of, 156 rarefaction and absorption of, 99 arterial degeneration with, 107 Bony changes, 98, 99 Bouin and Ancel, 73 Brain, changes in, 96, 146 degeneration of cells of, 97 organic changes in, 145 senile atrophy of, 139 shrinkage of, 100 weight of, 97 Brain cells, activity of, influence on longevity, 35, 36 Brampton, Lord, nonagenarian, 51 Bromides, intolerance to, 128 Bronchiectasis, simulating tuberculosis, 149 Bronchitis, disposition to, 147 simulating tuberculosis, 149 Bronchopneumonia, 148 and pneumonia, confusion between, 148 tendency to, 103 Brown atrophy, 103, 105 Brown-Séquard, 70