V.--OF THE LITERATURE OF THE ENGLISH 109 VI.--OF THEIR TRADE, AND REVENUE DERIVED FROM IT 131 VII.--SOME REMARKS UPON MARRIAGES, BIRTHS, AND BURIALS [HI-DI] 150 VIII.--OF ART, ARCHITECTURE, AND SOME WORDS ABOUT SCIENCE [KNO-TE] 170 IX.--OF AMUSEMENTS, GAMES, AND SPECTACLES 195 X.--OF EMPLOYMENTS OF THE PEOPLE, AND ASPECTS OF DAILY LIFE 214 XI.--OF THE HIGH-CASTES: SOME PARTICULARS OF THEIR DOMESTIC AND SOCIAL CUSTOMS 223 XII.--OF THE APPEARANCE OF THE COUNTRY, THE CLIMATE, AND OTHER THINGS 246 XIII.--LONDON 257 XIV.--SOME GENERAL OBSERVATIONS 278 OBSERVATIONS. [Illustration] CHAPTER I. OF THE RELIGION AND SUPERSTITIONS OF THE ENGLISH. The worship of the supreme Lord of Heaven [Chang-ti], is not unknown to these Barbarians, though degraded by many Superstitions. The purity of the divine and original Worship (as with the vulgar in our Celestial Kingdom) is too simple. About 500 or 600 years after our Confutze, in the time of the Romans, there appeared in an obscure province of their Empire a new Sect of devotees, who asserted that they had among them a Son of Heaven. This Son they called _Christ_; and those who adopted this new deity were called _Christians_. This was nearly 2000 years [met-li-ze] ago. The Sect increased and spread. One of the Emperors of the West adopted the new god, and enforced the worship of him upon the subjects of the Empire. All the Western Barbarians derive their knowledge from the Romans; whose power, indeed, they over-turned, but whose civilization they imitated. Particularly, the Bonzes (Priests) of the new _Superstition_, joined to the Chiefs of new powers (which arose upon the ruins of the Roman Empire), preserved some remains of the ancient Learning, and enforced the new Superstition. What little of letters remained was almost entirely with the Bonzes. This event was much the same as the introduction from the Hindoos into our Central Kingdom of the worship of the Hindoo god, _Fo_; and, curiously, these events happened at about the same time.