The dimensions of the building were very extensive, and although the architecture was full of grandeur, grace and beauty were not sacrificed. The length was four hundred and twenty-five feet; the width two hundred and twenty feet. One hundred and twenty-seven Parian marble columns, each sixty feet in height, surrounded the cell in double rows, sixteen appearing in the front and rear façades, and forty each on the sides. Herodotus states that most of these columns were presented by the rich Crœsus, and some by other kings. The cell, according to some authorities, was devoid of a roof, but Mr. Wood, in his “Discoveries at Ephesus,” indicates otherwise. The whole edifice, both exteriorly and interiorly, presented great richness and elaboration of carving. The shafts of the columns in front of the building were carved in relief, in three broad bands, to nearly half their height, and those in the rear, in one band, to about one-quarter of their height. The frieze and pediments were also worked out by the chisel of the sculptor in designs of great and imposing beauty. Many of the stones used in the building were very massive. An idea of how huge some of these blocks were may be gathered from the fact that the architrave alone contained pieces of marble thirty feet long, and that Ctesiphon and Metagenes were forced to invent special machinery and contrivances to convey the stones for the columns to the building from the quarry eight miles distant. Vitruvius explains these contrivances as follows: “He [Ctesiphon] made a frame of four pieces of timber, two of which were equal in length to the shafts of the columns, and were held together by the two transverse pieces. In each end of the shaft he inserted iron pivots, whose ends were dovetailed thereinto, and run with lead. The pivots worked in gudgeons fastened to the timber frame, whereto were attached oaken shafts. The pivots having a free revolution in the gudgeons, when the oxen were attached and drew the frame, the shafts rolled round, and might have been conveyed to any distance. The shafts having been thus transported, the entablatures were to be removed, when Metagenes, the son of Ctesiphon, applied the principle upon which the shafts had been conveyed to the removal of those also. He constructed wheels about twelve feet in diameter, and fixed the ends of the blocks of stone whereof the entablature was composed into them; pivots and gudgeons were then prepared to receive them in the manner just described, so that when the oxen drew the machine the pivots, turning in the gudgeons, caused the wheels to revolve, and thus the blocks, being enclosed like axles in the wheels, were brought to the work without delay. An example of this species of machine may be seen in the rolling stone used for smoothing the walks in palæstræ. But the method would not have been practicable for any considerable distance. From the quarries to the temple is a