Some old masters of Greek architectureDouglas, Harry
History
Some old masters of Greek architecture
Douglas, Harry
Architecture -- Greece; Architecture, Greek
His statues of Venus, are, after all, perhaps the most remarkable of
his works in sculpture. One of these statues, if not the original,
is supposed to have been the prototype of one of the most celebrated
and beautiful portrayals of that charming deity in the world to-day.
Another to which Pliny gives particular prominence was that in which
the goddess is presented nude and which was found in the temple of
Brutus Callaicus in Rome. This statue, he adds, “would have conferred
renown upon any other city, but at Rome the immense number of works
of art and the bustle of daily life in a great city distracted the
attention of men.” It is probably this work of art, which is thought
by some to have been superior to that by Praxiteles, which, with some
modifications, is credited with being the model after which Cleomenes
fashioned the celebrated Venus de Medicis. Pausanias and Pliny mention
also other portrayals of Venus by Scopas, but it is left to Waagen
and some other critics to ascribe the celebrated statue of Aphrodite,
in the Louvre in Paris, and known as the Venus de Milo, to this great
sculptor and architect.
It is foreign to the purpose, however, to devote too much space to this
side of the art life of Scopas, but in treating of his connection with
the magnificent mausoleum which Artemesia erected at Halicarnassus, to
her husband, Mausolus, king of Caria, it will be argued doubtless that
the work of this artist on that famous mortuary monument, which ranked
as one of the seven winders of the world, was more in the line of a
decorative sculptor than of an architect.
In this undertaking Scopas was associated with three other
architectural sculptors—namely, Bryaxis, Timotheus and Leocarus—all of
whom were Athenians. Each took as his special work the decoration of
one side of the building, Scopas choosing the east or principal façade.
The north and south sides had a width of about sixty-three feet; the
east and west were not quite so wide.
Before outlining further the principal characteristics of the building,
it is only fair to say that the professional architects to whom is
due the credit for the plan of the structure were Phileus, an Ionian
whose name Vitruvius spells in a variety of ways, and Satyrus, whose
native city is not given, but who, according to the same authority,
wrote a description of the mausoleum. Phileus was also an author on
architecture, having written a volume on the Ionic temple of Athene
Polias at Priene, of which he was the designer, and which was one
of the most renowned buildings in Asia Minor, and a treatise on the
mausoleum, which was also located in that part of the globe. As for
Satyrus, whatever may have been the other public buildings of which he
was the architect, there is no record.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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