Some old masters of Greek architectureDouglas, Harry
History
Some old masters of Greek architecture
Douglas, Harry
Architecture -- Greece; Architecture, Greek
The mausoleum had a total height of one hundred and forty feet, and
in general appearance combined orientalism in tomb-structure with the
perfections of Grecian architectural grace and elegance. The tomb
was contained within a rectangular substructure. Above was an Ionic
peristyle temple with nine columns on each side and eleven at the ends.
The frieze was elaborately carved and decorated, and the roof, which
was pyramidal in form, gave the oriental cast to the entire building.
At the apex of the roof was a colossal marble quadriga, in which a
statue of the deceased king Mausolus appeared. It is said that in the
sculptures and carvings of the different sides the respective artists
strove to rival each other, and that although queen Artemesia died
before the tomb was finished the four artists were so interested and
absorbed in their work that they determined to complete it at their own
risk.
Up to the twelfth century after the Christian era this grand tomb stood
in a fairly good state of preservation, but soon after fell to pieces,
and was used from that time as a quarry by the Knights of St. John,
from which they took stone for the castles they built on the site of
the old Greek Acropolis. Later still much of the marble was taken to
repair their fortifications, and it is even said to make lime, showing
to what ignominious uses the very greatest of architectural glories may
finally come. However, some of the carvings have been redeemed from
the fortification walls and unearthed from other places in Budrun, the
modern Halicarnassus, to find a final resting place, let it be hoped,
in the British Museum. These rescued pieces of marble, of which there
are perhaps sufficient to reconstruct a quarter of the whole frieze,
though they are not continuous, are pronounced by competent judges to
be specimens of the work of the different artists, but there is no
means of determining which of them, if any, came from the chisel of
Scopas.
The temple of Athene Alea at Tegea in Arcadia, often a sanctuary for
fugitives from Sparta, was an architectural creation of Scopas, which
it would appear belonged to him exclusively. Of all the temples in the
Peloponnesus this is said by Pausanias to have been the largest as well
as the most magnificent. That observant traveller, however, must have
been carried away somewhat by his enthusiasm over its architectural
attractions in ascribing to it such great size, as its dimensions were
not more than one hundred and sixty-four by seventy feet, being very
much smaller than other Grecian temples.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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