SOME PROBLEMS OF THE PEACE CONFERENCE BY CHARLES HOMER HASKINS AND ROBERT HOWARD LORD [Illustration] CAMBRIDGE HARVARD UNIVERSITY PRESS LONDON: HUMPHREY MILFORD OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 1920 COPYRIGHT, 1920 HARVARD UNIVERSITY PRESS PRINTED IN THE U.S.A. TO ARCHIBALD CARY COOLIDGE PREFACE The purpose of the lectures here published is to give a rapid survey of the principal elements in that territorial settlement of Europe which has been pronounced “the most reasonable part of the work of the Conference”[1] of Paris. Each problem is placed in its historical setting, while at the same time the effort is made to view it as something demanding practical solution in the treaties of peace. The perspective of proceedings as seen at Paris has been kept in mind throughout, although the authors have not felt at liberty to enter into the details of negotiations which may have become known to them in their official capacity. Limits of time and space restrict the treatment to Europe, and to those parts of Europe which came before the Conference for settlement. Hence Russia is necessarily omitted. The lectures are printed substantially as delivered at the Lowell Institute last January, with only incidental revision. In the spelling of place names the official local usage has been followed except where there is a well established English form. The first four chapters were prepared by Mr. Haskins, the last four by Mr. Lord. Where material has been gathered from such a variety of sources, detailed acknowledgment is impossible. The bibliographical notes at the end of the several chapters are meant merely to indicate the more obvious references for readers who may wish to follow out particular topics. The authors desire to express their indebtedness to their colleagues on the ‘Inquiry’ and the territorial section of the American Commission to Negotiate Peace, and their appreciation of many courtesies from the experts of the Allied delegations. They are under special obligations to the hospitality of the American Geographical Society and its Director, Dr. Isaiah Bowman. Mr. George W. Robinson has made valuable suggestions in correcting the proof sheets. While grateful for assistance from many sources, each of the authors bears sole responsibility for the opinions he has here expressed. C. H. H. R. H. L. _Cambridge, May 1920._ FOOTNOTES: [1] Charles Seignobos, in _The New Europe_, March 25, 1920. CONTENTS I TASKS AND METHODS OF THE CONFERENCE 3-35 The Tasks 3 The Problem of Frontiers 10 Organization of the Conference 23 Bibliographical Note 33 II BELGIUM AND DENMARK 37-73 Schleswig 37 The Kiel Canal and Heligoland 46