On the iron of Lorraine see _The Iron Resources of the World_ (Stockholm, 1910); the _Atlas of Mineral Resources_ of the U. S. Geological Survey; E. Gréaux, _Le fer en Lorraine_ (Paris, 1908); F. Engerand, _L’Allemagne et le fer_ (Paris, 1916); H. Schumacher, _Die westdeutsche Eisenindustrie_ (Leipzig, 1910); P. Krusch, in Petermann’s _Mitteilungen_, lxiii, pp. 41-44 (1917). * * * * * The formation of Alsace and Lorraine is traced, from the point of view that they are naturally German, in Boeckh and Kiepert, _Historische Karte von Elsass und Lothringen_ (Berlin, 1870); and in Droysen, _Historischer Handatlas_ (1886), no. 41. For the changes of 1789-1815, the _Atlas_ of the Comité d’Etudes is convenient, as also for mineral resources. There is a good map of the _minette_ field in Petermann’s _Mitteilungen_, 1917, plate 8. The linguistic maps of C. This will be found in _Beiträge zur Landes- und Volkskunde von Elsass-Lothringen_, parts 1 and 5 (1887, 1888); those of H. Witte, showing the modifications of the linguistic frontier, in _Forschungen zur deutschen Landes- und Volkskunde_, viii, x. A percentage map based on the German census of languages is given by Langhans, in _Deutsche Erde_, 1910, plate 1; cf. 1909, plate 3. See also Gallois’ maps in _Annales de géographie_, ix, nos. 4, 5; and Gröber, _Grundriss der romanischen Philologie_ (Strasburg, 1904-1906), i, end. FOOTNOTES: [16] Laband, _Deutsches Reichsstaatsrecht_ (Tübingen, 1912), p. 190. [17] R. Reuss, _L’Alsace au xviiᵉ siècle_ (Paris, 1898), i, p. 720; ii, p. 186. [18] Edition of 1890, i, p. 383, removed from later editions. [19] _Questions historiques_ (Paris, 1893), p. 509. [20] Lorenz and Scherer, _Geschichte des Elsass_ (Berlin, 1872), p. 441. [21] Quoted as the opinion of a liberal German advocate of Mainz, who had “a perfect knowledge of Alsace,” in _Memoirs of Sir Robert Morier_ (London, 1911), ii, p. 184. [22] _Memoirs of Sir Robert Morier_, ii, pp. 185 ff. [23] Printed from the original in _Revue historique_, cxxvii, p. ii (1918). [24] _Die politischen Reden_, vi, p. 201; see also v, p. 56; vi, pp. 31, 32, 167; xiii, p. 347. [25] _Die politischen Reden_, xiii, pp. 375, 26, 27; vii, p. 414. [26] “Unfortunately the theory [that only a zone of two kilometres was workable] was held by the German geologists who were consulted in fixing the frontiers of the treaty of Frankfort, and hence led to the present course of the Franco-German frontier.” H. Schumacher, _Die westdeutsche Eisenindustrie_ (Leipzig, 1910), p. 147; and in Grumbach, _Das annexionistische Deutschland_, p. 172. [27] Annexation to Prussia was even urged, as by Laband, in _Deutsche Revue_, June 1917, much as by Treitschke in 1870 (_Preussische Jahrbücher_, xxvi, pp. 398 ff.). [28] Facsimile in _L’Illustration_, January 3, 1920. [29] Article 51. [30] Articles 52-79 and annex. IV THE RHINE AND THE SAAR