“I think they wore the ghost-shirt or ghost-dress for the first
time that day. I noticed that these were all new, and were worn
by about seventy men and forty women. The wife of a man called
Return-from-scout had seen in a vision that her friends all wore
a similar robe, and on reviving from her trance she called the
women together, and they made a great number of the sacred
garments. They were of white cotton cloth. The women’s dress was
cut like their ordinary dress, a loose robe with wide, flowing
sleeves, painted blue in the neck, in the shape of a
three-cornered handkerchief, with moon, stars, birds, etc.,
interspersed with real feathers, painted on the waist and
sleeves.
“The ghost-shirt for the men was made of the same
material—shirts and leggings painted in red. Some of the
leggings were painted in stripes running up and down, others
running around. The shirt was painted blue around the neck, and
the whole garment was fantastically sprinkled with figures of
birds, bows and arrows, sun, moon, and stars, and everything
they saw in nature. Down the outside of the sleeve were rows of
feathers tied by the quill-ends and left to fly in the breeze,
and also a row around the neck and up and down outside of the
leggings. I noticed that a number had stuffed birds,
squirrel-heads, etc., tied in their long hair. The faces of all
were painted red with a black half-moon on the forehead or on
one cheek.”[7]
[Illustration: Fig. 10 (50-3053). Front of a Ghost-dance Garment.
Length, 126 cm. ]
As is noted by the above, designs on these garments were made by
individuals who had dreams or other unusual experiences similar to those
of the medicine-men; and it would seem from this account that the
designs and objects used in the dance were in every way similar to those
employed before the ghost-dance religion appeared. The writer made the
acquaintance of several individuals who had prepared such garments at
the time of the ghost-dance, and from them he secured reproductions with
explanations as to the significance of the designs. As some time had
elapsed since the ghost-dance religion was at the height of its
popularity, it is possible that the more special features belonging to
it were forgotten by these men, and that they worked into the reproduced
garments older and more conservative ideas. However, the writer is of
the opinion, and he took special pains to investigate as best he could,
that whatever may have been lost in this way made no important changes
in either the objective character of the designs or in the ideas
expressed by them. As a matter of fact, the ghost-dance in some of its
milder forms is still observed.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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