The men, however, use this design for military protection, in which
connection it is not thought of as being associated in any way with the
mythical double woman. It is, however, closely associated with the
medicine-bow. This was a very sacred military object with the Dakota, of
which only four duplicates could be had. It consisted of a bow of plain
wood, of the usual length, to the end of which was attached a
spear-head. Fastened to the bow was a stick somewhat longer, sharpened
at one end, and decorated with feathers and other symbolic objects. The
purpose of the stick was to support the bow, since all such sacred
objects would lose their power if allowed to touch the ground. The bow
was not used as a weapon, but was carried as a standard, because of its
supposed magical power over the enemy. The figure of the dragon-fly was
usually painted upon the bow and its support, as well as dots
representing insects that fly swiftly, and zigzag lines representing
thunder. Feathers of the eagle, the magpie, the hawk, and, in fact, of
all birds swift of wing, were likewise attached to it. The association
between these insects and birds was the same as that previously noted;
that is, since they were swift in motion, and difficult to strike, they
represented the qualities desired by the bearers of the bow. These bows
have long since passed out of existence, but survive in models made for
commercial purposes.
The account of the origin of the medicine-bow is as follows:—
“A man dreamed of the thunder, and afterwards called in four men
to assist him in making the medicine-bow. They went through the
preliminaries (the sweat-house, etc.), after which a special
tent was erected. The ground inside of this tent, where the
dreamer and his four companions sat, was covered with
sage-grass. A young man was called in to act as their assistant.
He was sent out to cut elm sticks. He went out slowly, and after
a time came back with the sticks. Then he was sent out to get
together the feathers of swift flying birds, pieces of
buffalo-hide, paints, etc. He went around the camp, and begged
these of the people.
“Then the four men set to work making the sticks under the
direction of the dreamer. The dreamer gave a bow to one of the
men, and a piece of buffalo-hide in which to wrap the sticks,
also a wooden bowl from which to eat.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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