_The Gaekwad Studies in Religion and Philosophy_: X SOME RELIGIOUS AND MORAL TEACHINGS OF AL-GHAZZALI Printed by Mr. K. G. Patel at the Lakshmi Vilas P. Press Co. Ltd. and published by A. G. Widgery, the College, Baroda, 5-1-1921. Other Works by Professor Nawab Ali MAA’RIJ-UDDIN. The Ladder of Religion. A Comparative Study of Religions. TARIKHI-SOHAF. History of the Holy Scriptures. TAZKIRAL-UL-MUSTAFA. Life of Prophet Mohammed. May be had from The Seminar, The College, BARODA SOME RELIGIOUS AND MORAL TEACHINGS OF AL-GHAZZALI Being brief extracts from his _Ihya-u-Ulum-id-din_ Freely rendered into English by SYED NAWAB ALI M. A. Professor of Persian, the College, Baroda. With an introduction by ALBAN G. WIDGERY M. A. Professor of the Comparative Study of Religions, The College, Baroda. BARODA PREFACE The perusal of the constructive treatises of the foremost leaders of the different religions should help to promote at least more mutual respect, if not, indeed, actual co-operation, among their devotees than the study of the critical discussions of lesser minds. For this reason the present small volume of extracts from the chief constructive work of Al Ghazzali has been included in the Gaekwad Studies in Religion and Philosophy. The purpose of that series is to be constructive rather than critical, and further, it is meant to contain volumes appealing to the general public as well as to the scholar. For a wider and more correct understanding and appreciation of the spirit of Islam, it is to be regretted that there are so few English translations of Muslim works in Arabic and Persian. It is to be hoped that in future more attention will be turned in this direction. In the meantime the present volume may serve at least to arouse some interest. This work was undertaken at the request of Professor Widgery, to whom I am indebted for several suggestions and for going through the whole of the manuscript and the proofs. NAWAB ALI _Baroda, 1920._ CONTENTS Preface _Page_ 5 Introduction 9 List of Al Ghazzali’s works 30 I. The Nature of Man 41 II. Human Freedom and Responsibility 53 III. Pride and Vanity 78 IV. Friendship and Sincerity 95