Some religious and moral teachings of Al-Ghazzali : $b Being brief extracts from his Ihya-u-Ulum-id-dinGhazzali
Islamic
Some religious and moral teachings of Al-Ghazzali : $b Being brief extracts from his Ihya-u-Ulum-id-din
Ghazzali
Islamic ethics -- Early works to 1800
Thirdly, the appreciation of inward beauty, that is to say the
contemplation of any attractive quality or qualities of the beloved
causes a stronger and more durable love than the passionate love of the
flesh. However such a beloved will still be found lacking in beauty from
the standpoint of perfection because the three genders are creatures and
therefore cannot be called perfect. God alone is perfect beauty—holy,
independent, omnipotent, all-majesty, all-beneficent, all-merciful. With
all this knowledge of His attributes we still do not know Him as He is.
The prophet says: “My praise of Thee cannot be comprehensive, Thou art
such as wouldst praise Thyself”.[62] Are not these attributes sufficient
to evoke love for him? But beatitude is denied to the inwardly blind.
They do not understand the attitude of the lovers of God towards Him.
Jesus once passed by some ascetics who were reduced in body. “Why are
you thus”? he said to them. And they replied “Fear of hell and hope of
heaven have reduced us to this condition”. “What a pity”, rejoined Jesus,
“your fear and hope is limited to creatures”. Then he went onward and saw
some more devotees, and put the same question. “We are devoted to God and
revere him for his love”, they replied with downcast eyes. “Ye are the
saints” exclaimed Jesus, “you will have my company”.[63]
Fourthly, the affinity between two souls meeting and loving each other is
a mystery, but more mysterious is the affinity between God and his loving
devotee. It cannot and must not be described before the uninitiated.
Suffice it to say that the souls possessing the higher qualities of
beneficence, sympathy, mercy, etc. have that affinity hinted at in the
following saying of the prophet: “Imitate divine attributes”. For man has
been created in the image of God, nay he is, in a way, akin to Him, says
the Quran. “And when the Lord said to the angels: Surely I am going to
create a mortal from dust, so when I have made him complete, and breathed
into him of My Ruh (soul), fall down making obeisance to him”.[64] It is
this affinity which is pointed out in the following tradition: God said
to Moses “I was sick and thou didst not visit Me”. Moses replied “O God,
thou art Lord of heaven and earth: how couldst thou be sick?” God said “A
certain servant of mine was sick: hadst thou visited him, thou wouldst
have visited me”. Therefore our prophet Mahommed has said: “Says God:
My servant seeks to be near me that I may make him my friend, and when
I have made him my friend, I become his ear, his eye, his tongue.”[65]
It must, however, be remembered that mystical affinity vaguely conceived
leads to extremes. Some have fallen into abject anthropomorphism; others
have gone so far as to believe in the airy nothings of pantheism. These
are all vagaries of the imagination, whether they take the form of “Ibn
Allah”, (Son of God) or “Anal Haq” (I am God).[66] They are to a great
extent responsible for the evils of superstition and scepticism.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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