Some Salient Points in the Science of the Earth — John Shaqi
Some Salient Points in the Science of the EarthDawson, John William, Sir
Science
Some Salient Points in the Science of the Earth
Dawson, John William, Sir
Geology; Paleontology
Perhaps we may begin at the utmost limits of the subject by remarking
that in matters of natural and physical science we are met at the
outset with the scarcely solved question as to our own place in the
nature which we study, and the bearing of this on the difficulties
we encounter. The organism of man is decidedly a part of nature. We
place ourselves, in this aspect, in the sub-kingdom vertebrata and
class mammalia, and recognise the fact that man is the terminal link
in a chain of being, extending throughout geological time. But the
organism is not all that belongs to man, and when we regard him as
a scientific inquirer, we raise a new question. If the human mind
is a part of nature, then it is subject to natural law, and nature
includes mind as well as matter. Indeed, without being absolute
idealists we may hold that mind is more potent than matter, and
nearer to the real essence of things. Our science is in any case
necessarily dualistic, being the product of the reaction of mind on
nature, and must be largely subjective and anthropomorphic. Hence,
no doubt, arises much of the controversy of science, and much of the
unsolved difficulty. We recognise this when we divide science into
that which is experimental, or depends on apparatus, and that which is
observational and classificatory--distinctions these which relate not
so much to the objects of science as to our methods of pursuing them.
This view also opens up to us the thought that the domain of science
is practically boundless, for who can set limits to the action of mind
on the universe, or of the universe on mind. It follows that science,
as it exists at any one time, must be limited on all sides by unsolved
mysteries; and it will not serve any good purpose to meet these with
clever guesses. If we so treat the enigmas of the sphinx nature, we
shall surely be devoured. Nor, on the other hand, must we collapse into
absolute despair, and resign ourselves to the confession of inevitable
ignorance. It becomes us rather boldly to confront the unsolved
questions of nature, and to wrestle with their difficulties till we
master such as we can, and cheerfully leave those we cannot overcome to
be grappled with by our successors.
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