Some Salient Points in the Science of the EarthDawson, John William, Sir
Science
Some Salient Points in the Science of the Earth
Dawson, John William, Sir
Geology; Paleontology
No mark of the tail or belly
appears. The impressions are such as may have been made by animals
similar to some of those to be described in the sequel.
Shortly afterward, Dr. Harding, of Windsor, when examining a cargo of
sandstone which had been landed at that place from Parrsboro', found
on one of the slabs a very distinct series of footprints, each with
four toes, and a trace of the fifth. Dr. Harding's specimen is now
in the museum of King's College, Windsor. Its impressions are more
distinct, but not very different otherwise from those above described,
as found at Horton Bluff. The rocks at that place are probably of
nearly the same age with those of Parrsboro'. I afterward examined the
place from which this slab had been quarried, and satisfied myself
that the beds are Carboniferous, and probably Lower Carboniferous.
They were ripple-marked and sun-cracked, and I thought I could detect
some footprints, though more obscure than those in Dr. Harding's slab.
Similar footprints are also stated to have been found by Dr. Gesner, at
Parrsboro'. All of these were from the lowest beds of the Carboniferous
system.
I have since observed several instances of such impressions at the
Joggins, at Horton, and near Windsor, showing that they are by no means
rare, and that reptilian animals existed in no inconsiderable numbers
throughout the coal field of Nova Scotia, and from the beginning to the
end of the Carboniferous period. Most of these, when well preserved,
shew five toes both on the anterior and posterior limb. On comparing
these earlier Carboniferous footprints with one another, it will be
observed that they are of similar general character, and may have been
made by one kind of animal, which must have had the fore and hind feet
nearly of equal size, and a digitigrade mode of walking. Footprints of
similar form are found in the coal formation, as well as others of much
larger size. The latter are of two kinds. One of these shows short hind
feet of digitigrade character and a long stride, in this resembling the
smaller footprints of the Lower Carboniferous, which are remarkable
for the length of limb which they indicate by the distance between the
footprints. The other kind shows long hind feet, as if the whole heel
were brought down to the ground in a plantigrade manner. These have
also the outer toe separated from the others, and sometimes provided
with a long claw. The fore foot is sometimes smaller than the hind
foot, and differently formed.[126] In these respects they resemble the
great Labyrinthodont Batrachians of the subsequent Trias. Their stride
also is comparatively short, and the rows of impressions wide apart, as
if the body of the animal had been broad, and its limbs short.
[126] Fine slabs of these footprints have been presented by Mr.
Sandford Fleming to the Geological Survey of Canada.
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