Natural history -- Iowa; Natural history -- Outdoor books
Oh, but someone says, the hepatica is the first flower of spring; all the
nature writers say so. Well, but they don't seem to say much about the
trillium; possibly they haven't found it so often. Indeed, it seems to be
more choice of its location. It is hardly ever, perhaps it would be safe
to say never, found on a southern or a southwestern slope. Almost
invariably it is found on the steep slope of a river bank, facing
northeast or east. Hepaticas nearly always grow on the same slope, but
they come into blossom about two days later than the trillium. But on
another bank which faces the noon and the afternoon sun the hepaticas are
up with the trilliums in the calendar of spring. This year the trillium
was found blooming, on a northeastern slope, March 24. At this place the
hepatica did not bloom until March 26. But it bloomed March 24, on a
southwest slope, fifteen miles away.
By-the-way, the list of March blooming plants for 1908, is probably one
of the longest for years: March 20, aspen; twenty-first, hazel and silver
maple; twenty-third, pussy willow, prairie willow and white elm;
twenty-fourth, dwarf white trillium and hepatica (also known as
liverleaf, squirrelcup, and blue anemone); twenty-fifth, slippery elm,
cottonwood; twenty-ninth, box elder and fragrant sumac; thirtieth,
dandelion; thirty-first, Dutchman's breeches.
How some of these early flowers secure the perpetuation of their species
is an interesting study for amateur botanists. In the case of the
trillium the fruit is a three-lobed reddish berry, but one has to search
for it as diligently as Diogenes did for an honest man before he finds
it. The plant seldom sets seed in this vicinity, but seems to depend
rather upon its tuber-like rootstocks in which the leaves lie curled all
through the winter. The hepatica attracts pollen-feeding flies, female
hive-bees and the earliest butterflies, and is thus cross-fertilized to
some extent; but it is thought also to be able to effect
self-fertilization. In the case of the _hepatica acutiloba_, however, it
has been found that staminate flowers grow on one plant and pistillate
flowers on another, hence insects are essential to the perpetuation of
this species.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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