Apart from centrifugals, Philippine sugars consist of the following grades: _Superior_, _Humedo_ (wet) and _Corriente_ (current). Sugars polarizing from 87 to 88.9 degrees are called Superior No. 1, those testing from 85 to 86.9 degrees, Superior No. 2, and those running from 80 to 84.9 degrees, Superior No. 3. Humedo sugars polarize from 76 to 79.9 degrees and Corriente from 70 to 75.9 degrees. Roughly speaking, the proportions are about 85 per cent of Superior of 84 degrees purity and 15 per cent of wet sugar testing somewhere near 75 degrees. The Bureau of Agriculture of the Philippines maintains experiment stations at La Granja, near La Carlota, Occidental Negros, and at Calamba, Luzon, for the study of cane, soil analysis and the solving of fertilization problems. This work of scientific investigation is sure to be of great benefit to the industry. Some experimental work with sugar cane is also carried on at the station at Alabang, Laguna province, Luzon. American control in the Philippines promises much for the future of the sugar industry of these islands, for when it is remembered that for many years, in spite of the handicap of crude, uneconomic methods, export duties at home and import duties abroad, sugar was made and sold at a profit in the markets of the world, it is not unreasonable to look for a considerable stimulus to be given to production by advanced scientific management and free admission of the commodity to the markets of the United States. Quantity of sugar exported from the Philippine islands from 1895 to 1916, in tons of 2240 pounds: 1895 227,279 1896 226,279 1897 198,899 1898 177,962 1899 91,583 1900 61,752 1901 51,448 1902 90,617 1903 88,144 1904 82,656 1905 103,334 1906 122,417 1907 120,050 1908 140,197 1909 125,276 1910 114,506 1911 203,394 1912 190,702 1913 155,201 1914 232,761 1915 207,679 1916 300,000 [Illustration: LUZON SUGAR REFINERY, MALABON, RIZAL, PHILIPPINES] [Illustration: LOADING SUGAR ON LORCHAS, PHILIPPINES] CUBA The island of Cuba lies between 74 degrees and 85 degrees west longitude and 19 degrees 40 minutes and 23 degrees 33 minutes north latitude; its length is about 730 miles, running nearly east and west, and its width varies from 25 to 100 miles. In area it comprises about 45,883 square miles, or 29,365,120 acres, which is approximately that of Pennsylvania or Louisiana. Habana, the capital, is almost on the same parallel as Honolulu and the City of Mexico. With the exception of a strip of the central-southern coast, Cuba rises boldly out of the sea and presents a rugged appearance to the eye on approach. About one-quarter of its surface is mountainous; three-fifths consists of gently sloping country, valleys and rolling plains; the rest is swampy.