INGENIO NUEVA BAVIERA, TUCUMÁN, ARGENTINA 275 KOHEKIRIN MILL, FORMOSA 280 SUGAR CANE AFFECTED BY THE SEREH, JAVA 296 SEEDLING CANES, JAVA 297 CUTTING CANE, MAROOCHY RIVER, SOUTH QUEENSLAND 302 CARTING CANE TO MILL, INGHAM DISTRICT, NORTH QUEENSLAND 303 ISIS CENTRAL MILL, CHILDERS, SOUTH QUEENSLAND 304 CANE UNLOADER, MULGRAVE CENTRAL SUGAR MILL, CAIRNS DISTRICT, NORTH QUEENSLAND 305 SUGAR MILL, NAHAN FACTORY, INDIA 330 CENTRIFUGAL WORKED BY HAND, INDIA 331 WOODEN MILL FROM GORAKHPUR, INDIA (_in body of text_) Page 332 BOILING BY OLD METHOD, INDIA To face page 332 FURNACE AND PANS FOR MAKING RAB, INDIA 333 STONE MILL, AGRA, INDIA (_in body of text_) Page 333 SMALL LOCOMOTIVE USED TO DRAW CANE-CARS, 2-FOOT GAUGE, INDIA To face page 334 LOADING CANE CARRIER, MARHOURAH FACTORY, INDIA 335 WATER-DRIVEN CENTRIFUGALS, MARHOURAH FACTORY, INDIA 336 CHAMPARAN SUGAR COMPANY, LTD., BARRAH CHAKIA, CHAMPARAN, INDIA 337 PART I _Growth, Manufacture and Distribution_ WHAT SUGAR IS Among the many varieties of sugar the most important are the sucroses and the glucoses. They form a natural group of substances, chiefly of vegetable origin. Chemically considered, all sugars are carbohydrates, that is to say, bodies composed of three elements: carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Sucrose contains twelve atoms of carbon, twenty-two atoms of hydrogen and eleven atoms of oxygen. Apart from sucrose, which is usually cane and beet sugar, the variety most generally met with is dextrose—one of the glucoses. It possesses less sweetness than sucrose and differs from the latter in chemical composition. As an example: dextrose is found in the raisin in small grains. It also occurs in other fruits and is the result of the inversion of sucrose. Glucose enters largely into the manufacture of candy, being particularly necessary in the preparation of soft filling for creams, as a certain amount of it added to cane-sugar syrup prevents crystallization.