[4] The reader may refer to works on comparative anatomy, for information concerning this sense in animals. They all agree that no animal possesses a complete hand, and that the thumb is especially defective in size, and in the strength which enables it to act in opposition to the combined force of the fingers. The sense of touch in many animals appears to reside in the large and fleshy nostrils, which appear highly sensible; and it is also evident, that in these the touch has an intimate alliance with their sense of smell. [5] It is equally curious to observe that geographical positions, and the principal features of sea and land, have derived their origin from the rude anatomy of the human body. Thus, in a short enumeration we have cape or _head_-land, ness, noss, or _nose_; the _brow_ of a mountain; _tongue_ of land; _mouth_ of a river; _chaps_ of the channel; _neck_ of land; _arm_ of the sea; coast, _costae_, the ribs. We are said to penetrate into the _heart_ of the country, or to remove to the _back_ settlements. We descend into the _bowels_ of the earth, in order to discover a _vein_ of ore. We ascend from the _foot_ of the mountain; and from its _ridge_ (back) survey the prospect surrounding. Numerous additions might be contributed by further recollection. [6] On many occasions we observe the hands to be the natural refuge for the destitute in arithmetic, and therefore are not surprised at finding many persons counting by their fingers. Some rude nations are said not to have advanced in their numeration beyond five: this may perhaps be uncertain and difficult to prove; but it will be shewn that when others have advanced to ten, that seven has been the compound of five and two, eight of five and three, &c. [7] It is not uninteresting to examine the contrivances that have been resorted to, in order to express the number eleven. The Greeks had [Greek: _endeka_], one (and subaudit) ten; the Romans _undecem_; and a similar adoption has been employed by the southern nations of Europe. The northern people expressed eleven, by _one left_ (after ten, subaudit.) thus Caxton states his Recuyels of Troy to have been "ended and fynished in the holy cyte of Colen, the 19th day of Septembre, in the yere of our sayd Lord God, a thousand four hundred sixty and _enleven_." _En_, in old English, means one, and _leven_ is the past participle of, to leave, formerly written leve. ON THE NATURE AND COMPOSITION OF LANGUAGE, AS APPLIED TO THE INVESTIGATION OF THE PHENOMENA OF MIND.