Sources of the Synoptic GospelsPatton, Carl S. (Carl Safford)
Religion
Sources of the Synoptic Gospels
Patton, Carl S. (Carl Safford)
Bible. Gospels -- Criticism, interpretation, etc.
This is the one narrative section almost universally assigned to Q. But in
the first part of the story there is wide divergence. Matthew says the
centurion himself came to Jesus. Luke not only says he did not come, but
explains why he sent messengers instead of coming himself. Burton alleges
that Matthew's omission of the item of the messengers is characteristic of
him, with his tendency to condensation. But that the messengers were not
in the original story, but were added by Luke (or his source) and not
omitted by Matthew, is plain from the fact that the conversation, even in
Luke, is based upon the supposition that the centurion had made his
request in person. In Luke's vss. 3-6, which contain the account of the
sending of the messengers, there are at least five Lucan words ἔντιμος,
παραγενόμενοι, σπουδαίως, μακρὰν, ἀπέχοντος). These occur in the portion
of the story unparalleled in Matthew. But there are also three such Lucan
words in the two following verses, where the story of Luke runs quite
closely parallel to that of Matthew (διὸ, ἠξίωσα, τασσόμενος). The
changing of a detail, even an important detail, in the narrative part of
such a section, especially when contrasted with general faithfulness to
the source in that part containing the words of Jesus, would be
characteristic of Luke. The humility and faith of the centurion are much
enhanced by the change. Yet, as Jülicher remarks, Luke probably did not
invent this item of his story; he may have imported it from an oral
tradition, following Q in the remainder of the story. Even the presence of
the "Lucan" words would not prove the Lucan invention of the sending of
the messengers, since these words may have come from Luke's special source
for this item and not from himself, tho this latter supposition would tell
against the assumption that this special source was an oral one. Of these
Lucan words, ἔντιμος is used a second time by Luke (xiv, 8) in a passage
not paralleled in Matthew; it is not used by him in Acts. Παραγενόμενοι
is used once by Mark, three times by Matthew, eight times by Luke in his
Gospel, and twenty times in the Book of Acts. Σπουδαίως is found here only
in the Gospels, and not in Acts. Μακράν is used once by Matthew, once by
Mark, twice by Luke in his Gospel, and three times in Acts. Ἀπέχοντες (in
the intransitive sense) occurs twice in Matthew, once in Mark, three times
in Luke's Gospel, and not in Acts. Διὸ occurs once in Mark, once in
Matthew, twice in Luke's Gospel, and eight times in Acts. Ἀξιόω is found
in Luke only among the Gospels, and twice in Acts. Τάσσω is found in some
texts of Matthew in this passage, but has probably been assimilated from
Luke. It is found in one other passage in Matthew, in this passage in
Luke, not in Mark, and five times in Acts. These facts cannot be said to
throw much light on whether Luke is here to be charged with the verses in
which these words occur, or whether they may have stood in his source. But
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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