Sources of the Synoptic GospelsPatton, Carl S. (Carl Safford)
Religion
Sources of the Synoptic Gospels
Patton, Carl S. (Carl Safford)
Bible. Gospels -- Criticism, interpretation, etc.
Mk xiv, 1 (Mt xxvi, 2; Lk xxii, 1): Matthew's account is here very
different from Mark's. He introduces it with the words, "And it came to
pass when he had ended these sayings." This is a formula which Matthew
uses five times,[74] and which is found in Matthew alone. Since the
construction ἐγένετο followed by a finite verb is found in these five
passages alone in Matthew, the formula appears to have stood (once, at
least, if not in all five instances) in Q.[75] It also seems to be used by
Matthew to mark his transition from one of his sources to the other.[76]
The remark which Mark here makes about the approach of the passover,
Matthew puts into the mouth of Jesus as a part of the speech which Mark
does not have. Luke follows Mark in making the statement a part of his
narrative and in omitting the speech which Matthew gives. These facts
would seem to indicate that Matthew is here following Q, while Luke
follows Mark. Luke's looser statement (omitting the μετὰ δύο ἡμέρας, and
substituting his own favorite ἤγγιζεν,[77] and adding his ἡ λεγομένη
πάσχα) would seem to go back to his desire not to trouble his Greek reader
with too exact details, and yet to supply him with a little information
about the Jewish feast. Here again, as in the last instance, it seems
especially strange to suggest Matthew as a source of Luke where he shows
such an absence of any influence from him.
Mk xiv, 12 (Mt xxvi, 17; Lk xxii, 7): Here, says Mr. Smith, Matthew gives
the first and second parts of Mark's phrase, Luke the second and third
parts. The fact seems to be that Matthew here, with his usual habit of
condensing Mark's narrative, omits (what his Jewish readers would know
without his stating it) the statement that on the first day of the feast
of unleavened bread they "killed the passover." Luke changes this from a
particular to a general statement, so (as above) conveying to his Greek
reader some information about the custom of the occasion (ἔδει θύεσθαι τὸ
πάσχα). Luke here shows the influence of Mark and not of Matthew; since he
follows Mark (Mk xiv, 13; Lk xxii, 10) in including eleven words which he
copies very closely and which Matthew omits. He also agrees with Mark in
the ascription of supernatural knowledge to Jesus upon this occasion,
whereas Matthew's narrative does not carry this implication.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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