All this, of course, applies with greater force to some of the South American countries than to others. The vitality and power of the Continent in general is now, at all events, beginning to assert itself to the full, and in the minds of a certain number of its educated and intelligent inhabitants South America is destined in the future, however distant this may be, to become the rallying-ground of the Latin races. [Illustration: SKETCH-MAP: SOUTH AMERICA.] INDEX Abipones, 12 Aboriginal tribes, 145, 146 Alberdi, Manuel, 167 Alfinger, 28, 33 Almagro, 47, 48, 52, 54 Almagro, Diego (the Younger), 112 Alvarado, Pedro de, 51, 52 Alvear, 170, 172, 255, 276 Andradas, the, 198, 203, 204, 211-214 "Araucana, La," 23 Araucanians, 13, 56, 58, 122, 128 Artigas, 172, 193, 201, 275 Asuncion, 67, 69, 73 Atahualpa, 48-51 Ayacucho, Battle of, 184 Aymaras, tribe of the, 56 Ayolas, Juan de, 66-68 Bahia, 40, 42, 96-98, 103, 107, 186, 194, 198, 200 Balboa, Nunez de, 31, 32, 33 Balcarce, 168 Balmaceda, 271 Belgrano, 159, 167-170, 173, 245 Benalcazar, 34 Bogota, Santa Fe de, 115, 147, 149, 223 Bolivar, Simon, 154-156, 159-166, 175, 182-184, 229, 232-235 Bolivia, 283-285 Brazil, 36-46, 79, 80, 185-227 Brazil wood, 37 British mariners, 95-98 British, hardships endured on northern campaign, 161, 162 British settlers, methods of, 43 British invasion of the River Plate, 139-141 Brouwer, 126 Buccaneers, 93, 94, 146 Buenos Aires, first settlements at, 65 Buenos Aires, 71, 115, 118, 167-173, 208, 209, 234, 236 Buonaparte, Joseph, 156, 157 Buonaparte, Napoleon, 156, 157 Cabot Sebastian, 64 Cabral, Pedro Alvarez, 24, 37 Caceres, 244 Carabobo, Battle of, 165, 166 Caracas, 90, 147-149, 159 Caribs, 12 Carrera, the Brothers, 173, 174, 266 Casa de Contratacion de los Indias, 75, 76 Casas, Bartolome de Las, 61, 63 Caseros, Battle of, 280 Castelfuerte, Viceroy, 179 Castelli, 167, 168 Castilla, Ramon, 241 Castro, Cristobal Vaca, 112, 113 Castro, President, 290 Caupolican, Araucanian Chief, 58, 59, 124 Cavendish, 93, 96 Chacabuco, Battle of, 176 Charles I. of England, 108 Charles V. of Spain, 28, 33 Chibcha, Indians, 11, 34, 56, 149 Chile, 13, 64-71 Chiquitos, 12 Chiriguanos, 12 Chunchos, 12 Cisneros, Baltasar, Hidalgo de, 167 Cocapac, 5, 6 Cochabamba, 169 Cochrane, Lord, 175, 177, 200, 201 Coelho, Duarte, 39 Colombia, 186, 187 Colonia, 80 Columbus, Bartholomew, 23 Columbus, Christopher, 13-25 Columbus, Diego, 31 Conquistadores, 2, 26-31, 57, 58, 60, 67, 68, 159 Correia, 40 Crespo, President, 289, 290 Criminals used to explore fresh countries, 19, 20, 38, 39 Cuzco, 4, 6, 50, 53 Da Cunha, Paulo, 102 Darwin, 278 Davis, 93 Devereux, General, 161 Dorrego, 276 Drake, Sir Francis, 86, 89, 90, 125 Dutch, 40, 44, 95, 97-109, 126, 127, 129, 148 Dutch method of colonization, 44, 45 Earthquakes, 122, 166 Ecuador, 286-288 Encomiendas, 70, 121 English, General, 161 Ercilla, 73, 124