Much also of the present work is due to private information most kindly furnished by Spanish friends of high position in the literary and political world, and with whom some of the subjects treated have been frequently discussed. To these the author offers his warmest and most grateful thanks. ANALYTICAL TABLE OF CONTENTS. CHAPTER I. THE GEOGRAPHY OF SPAIN. PAGE Boundaries of the Peninsula 1 Area and Coast-line 2 Six divisions of Spain _ib._ _Mountain chains_: Pyrenees 3 Cantabrian, Asturian, and Galician mountains 4 Leon _ib._ Oca, Sierra Moncayo, and Idubeda chains 5 Central Plateau and its passes _ib._ Culminating water-shed of the Peninsula 6 Guadarrama range _ib._ Toledan range 7 Sierra Morena and passes _ib._ Central ranges and river basins 8 Sierra Nevada and offshoots _ib._ Minor ranges 9 _Rivers, river basins, and rainfall_: Five great rivers 10 Rivers of Galicia and Asturias 11 Basque Provinces 12 Ebro and its tributaries and canals 12 Catalonia, streams of 14 Douro and its tributaries 15 Tagus " " 17 Guadiana " " and lakes 19 Guadalquiver, its tributaries, islands, and marismas 22 Segura and its irrigation 24 Jucar " " 25 Guadalaviar or Turia _ib._ Lakes and Albuferas 26 Water toponymy 27 Comparative table of principal rivers 28 Mineral springs and Salinas _ib._ CHAPTER II. CLIMATE AND PRODUCTIONS.