[Illustration: ALFONSO XIII., KING OF SPAIN] THE WORLD’S BEST HISTORIES [Illustration] SPAIN AND HER COLONIES COMPILED FROM THE BEST AUTHORITIES BY ARCHIBALD WILBERFORCE _WITH FRONTISPIECE_ [Illustration] THE CO-OPERATIVE PUBLICATION SOCIETY NEW YORK AND LONDON SPAIN AND HER COLONIES CONTENTS CHAPTER I SPAIN IN ANTIQUITY 7 CHAPTER II THE CALIPHATE OF CORDOVA 16 CHAPTER III MEDIEVAL SPAIN 30 CHAPTER IV MOORISH SPAIN 61 CHAPTER V THE INQUISITION 83 CHAPTER VI THEIR CATHOLIC MAJESTIES 100 CHAPTER VII UNITED SPAIN 140 CHAPTER VIII MODERN SPAIN 162 CHAPTER IX COLONIAL SPAIN 206 CHAPTER X THE FALL OF AN EMPIRE 225 CHAPTER XI THE PHILIPPINES 251 CHAPTER XII THE HISPANO-AMERICAN WAR 320 CHAPTER XIII SPANISH ART, LITERATURE, AND SPORT 351 I. Painting and Architecture 351 II. Spanish Literature 370 III. Sport 379 APPENDIX 393 THE HISTORY OF SPAIN CHAPTER I SPAIN IN ANTIQUITY THE FIRST LAWS AND THE FIRST INVADERS--GREEKS, PHŒNICIANS, ROMANS AND GOTHS Hispania was the name by which the Romans called the peninsula which is made up of Spain and Portugal. The origin of the name is disputed. To the Greeks the country was known as Hesperia--the Land of the Setting Sun. According to Mariana,[1] Spain is called after its founder, Hispanus, a son or grandson of Hercules. But, for reasons hereinafter related, better authorities derive it from the Phœnician _Span_.