A.D. Spain. England. France. Rome. 800 Alonso II. el Casto Egbert Charlemagne Leo III. 877 Alonso III. el Magno Alfred Louis II. John VII. 996 Ramiro III. Ethelred II. Hugh Capet Gregory V. 1075 Sancho II. William the Philip I. Gregory VII. Conqueror 1155 Alfonso VII. Henry II. Louis VII. { Adrian IV. { Breakspeare 1245 San Fernando Henry III. St. Louis Innocent IV. 1345 Alfonso XI. Edward III. Philip VI. Benedict VI. 1360 Pedro el Cruel Edward III. John II. Innocent VI. 1485 Isabel la Catolica Henry VII. Charles VIII. Innocent VIII. 1515 Fernando de Aragon Henry VIII. Francis I. Leo X. 1550 Carlos V. Edward VI. Henry II. Paul III. 1560 Felipe II. Elizabeth Charles IX. Pius IV. 1644 Felipe IV. Charles I. Louis XIV. Innocent X. 1705 Felipe V. Anne Louis XIV. Clement XI. 1760 Carlos III. George III. Louis XV. Clement XIII. 1808 Fernando VII. George III. Napoleon I. Pius VII. 1840 Isabel II. } { Louis Philippe { Gregory XVI. } { Napoleon III. { and Pius IX. 1877 Alfonso XII. } Victoria French Republic Leo XIII. 1886 Cristina, } queen-regent } 1886 Alfonso XIII. } FOOTNOTES: [1] “Historia general de España,” by Juan de Mariana. 9 vols., Valencia, 1783-96. [2] _Al Manzor al Allah_: “The Victor of God; or, Victorious by the Grace of God.” [3] _Mas Moros mas ganancia_, “The more the Moors, the greater the booty,” was one of his sayings, and it has passed into a well-known national proverb. [4] Having kicked to pieces the splendid furniture and beaten the Papal chamberlain, he proceeded to threaten to caparison his horse with the rich hangings of the chapel, if the Pope refused him instant Absolution! Si no me absolveis, el Papa, Seriaos mal contado Que do vuestras ricas ropas Cubriré yo mi caballo! --Wolf and Hofmann, “Cid Ballads.” [5] Muley is an Arabic word meaning “my lord.”