IX. THE LANDS OF THE SPANISH MAIN: COLOMBIA AND VENEZUELA 11 X. THE LANDS OF THE SPANISH MAIN: VENEZUELA AND GUIANA 32 XI. THE AMAZON VALLEY: IN COLOMBIA, VENEZUELA, ECUADOR, BOLIVIA, PERU AND BRAZIL 74 XII. BRAZIL 111 XIII. THE RIVER PLATE AND THE PAMPAS: ARGENTINA, URUGUAY AND PARAGUAY 158 XIV. THE RIVER PLATE AND THE PAMPAS: ARGENTINA, URUGUAY AND PARAGUAY 202 XV. TRADE AND FINANCE 236 XVI. TO-DAY AND TO-MORROW 254 INDEX 303 ILLUSTRATIONS BRONZE STATUE OF BOLÍVAR IN THE PLAZA, CARÁCAS, VENEZUELA _Frontispiece_ TO FACE PAGE A SEAPORT ON THE AMERICAN MEDITERRANEAN, SANTA MARTA, COLOMBIA 14 TRANSPORTING MACHINERY IN THE COLOMBIAN ANDES 22 THE MAINLAND FROM TRINIDAD, AND VIEW IN THE DELTA OF THE ORINOCO 34 INDIANS AT HOME, GUIANA 52 GEORGETOWN, BRITISH GUIANA 64 IN THE PERUVIAN MONTAÑA 78 UNCIVILIZED FOREST INDIANS OF THE PERUVIAN AMAZON 90 INDIANS OF THE NAPO, PERUVIAN-AMAZON REGION 96 THE BAY OF RIO DE JANEIRO 112 PALM AVENUE, RIO DE JANEIRO 128 A COLONY, RIO GRANDE 132 A VIEW IN SAO PAULO 140 COFFEE HARVEST, BRAZIL 150 BUENOS AYRES 160 MAR DEL PLATA 166 MONTEVIDEO: THE PLAZA 178 MONTEVIDEO: THE HARBOUR 178 THE PAMPAS, ARGENTINA 204 THE CITY OF CORDOBA, ARGENTINA 206 IGUAZU FALLS 210 A CHACO FLOOD 214 BRINGING HOME YERBA 220 PACKING YERBA 220 STREET IN MEXICO CITY. CATHEDRAL IN DISTANCE 264 CHAPEL OF THE ROSARIO, MEXICO 266 SPANISH AMERICA CHAPTER IX THE LANDS OF THE SPANISH MAIN COLOMBIA AND VENEZUELA