EXPLORATION OF BRAZIL: 1510-1570 155 CHAPTER X. PERU; REBELLION OF GONZALO PIZARRO: 1542-1545 169 CHAPTER XI. PERU; THE PRESIDENT GASCA: 1545-1550 189 CHAPTER XII. THE ARAUCANIAN WAR: 1550-1556 209 CHAPTER XIII. THE ARAUCANIAN WAR (_continued_): 1557-1560 223 CHAPTER XIV. THE ARAUCANIANS: 1560-1603 234 CHAPTER XV. BRAZIL; GROWTH OF THE COLONY: 1570-1622 250 CHAPTER XVI. PARAGUAY; ARRIVAL OF THE JESUITS: 1608-1648 265 CHAPTER XVII. ENGLISH NAVIGATORS IN SOUTH AMERICA--HAWKINS, DRAKE, AND RALEIGH: 1564-1618 280 APPENDIX 305 SOUTH AMERICA. Book I. CHAPTER I. _INTRODUCTORY._ 1498-1503. [Sidenote: 1498.] Until the approach of the sixteenth century the South American continent, in so far as European knowledge was concerned, was without form and void, and darkness was upon the face of the deep that encompassed it. At that time the Spirit of God that moved upon the face of the waters said, “Let there be light;” and there was light. On the 30th of May 1498 Columbus set sail from _San Lucar de Barrameda_, with a squadron of six vessels, on his third voyage of discovery, taking a course much further to the south than that which he had hitherto pursued. He stood to the south-west after leaving _San Lucar_; touching at the islands of _Porto Santo_ and _Madeira_, where he remained a few days, taking in supplies before continuing his course to the _Canary_ Islands. On the 19th of June he arrived at _Gomara_. Leaving _Gomara_ two days later, Columbus divided his squadron off the island of _Ferro_, three of his ships being despatched to _Hispaniola_ with supplies for the colony. With the three remaining vessels the admiral continued his voyage towards the _Cape de Verde_ Islands, where he arrived on the 27th of June.