The court of Lisbon naturally protested to the Hague against the conduct of Nassau, whose proceedings against their colonial possessions were in direct contrast to the assistance which Portugal was meanwhile receiving from Holland against Spain. The only satisfaction, however, which they received, was an evasive and untrue reply to the effect that Nassau had acted as he did in ignorance of the ratification of the truce. The Dutch were determined to retain what they had won, and the Portuguese were equally determined to recover what they had lost. A new governor was appointed to _Brazil_, with orders to proceed against the commission of three who had wrongly superseded the Marquis of Monte Alvam. Two of them were sent home as prisoners, one of them being allowed for years to remain in the jail of Lisbon; the bishop, who was the third member, was compelled to refund the emoluments which he had received during his co-administration. The new governor of _Brazil_ now imitated the insincere conduct of which Nassau had set him the bad example. He professed to be friendly with the Dutch, but awaited the first opportunity to act against them. Nassau was not allowed to enjoy at peace the possessions which he had gained. An unusually wet season caused the rivers to overflow, sweeping away men and cattle, and destroying much vegetation; in addition to this, great ravages were produced by the small-pox. The people were unable for these reasons to pay the usual taxes; and yet the Dutch Company, in reliance on the truce which they had so disregarded, instructed the Viceroy to reduce his military expenditure, a measure against which he strongly protested. He naturally pointed out that the Portuguese would await an opportunity to recover their losses. Count Nassau was at this time meditating extensive plans of conquest. He intended an expedition against _Buenos Ayres_; but the force reserved for this service was now needed for the protection of _Maranham_ and _St. Thomas_. Indeed so great was the risk of insurrection as well in these places as in _Angola_ and _Seregipe_, that, in order to have a force at hand, Nassau was compelled to defer an expedition against the negroes in the _Palmares_. Before this necessity occurred a squadron had sailed, which was destined to act against _Chili_. It was commanded by Brouwer, whose name is remarkable as being one of the earliest navigators who doubled Cape _Horn_. He had intended to pass through the Straits of _Magellan_, but was driven southward by storms. He reached _Chiloë_, and stormed some Spanish forts. But intelligence of his coming had been received at _Lima_, and the Spaniards were prepared to resist his further progress. Brouwer died at _Castro_. His successor, Herckmann, reached _Valdivia_; but, being unable to establish himself there for want of supplies he returned to _Pernambuco_. [Sidenote: 1643.]