José Rezabal y Ugarte was one of the later writers on legal and political questions. Although a native of Spain, the greater part of his life was spent in America. He studied at Salamanca, and in 1777 he was appointed judge of the audiencia of Chile. In 1780 he was transferred to Lima, and in 1787 he became a member of the audiencia of Cuzco. In 1792 the king appointed him regent of the audiencia of Chile. This career naturally fixed his attention particularly on affairs of administration, and while oidor in Chile he prepared instructions for inferior municipal officials, compiling for this purpose a large number of ordinances bearing on this subject. He compiled also two thousand royal orders designed for the government of America, which had been issued subsequent to the publication of the _Recopilación de las leyes de las Indias_. He discussed, moreover, the king’s rights in the matter of secular medias anatas, and the obligations of service under certain Castilian titles. This report was published in 1792.[199] Among other writings were a dissertation on the various forms of money referred to in the Laws of the Indies, a treatise on the introduction of negroes into America, and various subjects relating to their utility and their government; and a work dealing with the status of regents of audiencias in America, their creation in 1776 and their powers and prerogatives. His _Biblioteca_ of the writers who had belonged to the four greater colleges of Salamanca was published in 1805. Rezabal died in Chile in 1800. V The fact that the Church was embodied in the state in the Spanish dependencies sometimes led ecclesiastics to discuss political questions, or governmental problems involving the Church. An instance of this is found in Villarroel’s _Gobierno eclesiástico pacífico_. [Sidenote: Alonso de la Peña Montenegro] [Sidenote: Doctrineros de Indios]